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我每天的状态很有规律：上午一副没睡醒的样子，下午一副睡不醒的样子，晚上一副打了鸡血的样子。。。
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状态变
化
缓慢上升 下降 急速最大值最小值
线形图
趋势 趋势
幅度 幅度 最值最值
单词
段落
句子
单词
连接词
连接词
Trend 趋势HARRY’S annual sales of hamburgers (1998)
波动
上升
下降
稳定
波动
fluctuatefluctuate fluctuationfluctuation
My state fluctuates from the early morning to midnight.There is a fluctuation in my state from the early morning to midnight.
v. n.去 e, + ion
fluctuatefluctuate
例子例子
上升HARRY’S annual sales of hamburgers (1998)
上升
• increase v./n.• rise v./n.• grow v.• surge v.• soar v.• rocket v.• upward adj.
increaserisesurge/soar/rocketupward It increases from 20% to 50% in…
It shows a big increase in…There is an increase in…
It rises from … to…There is a rise in…
It grows from … to…There is a growth in…
It surges/soars/rockets in…
It experiences an upward trend in…
grow
上升
risegrow
increase surgesoar
rocket
动词原形 v.
动词过去式 ve
d
rose grew
increased surged soared
rocketed
名词n.
risegrowth
increase
+ ed
下降 HARRY’S annual sales of hamburgers (1998)
下降
• decrease v./n.• decline v./n.• reduce v.• fall/ drop/ descn
ed v.• plummet v.• slump v.• downward adj.
decreasedeclinereducefall/
drop/descend
downwardIt decreases from ( 数据 ) to ( 数据 ) in…It shows a decrease in…There is a decrease in…
It declines from … to…There is a decline in…
It reduces from … to…There is a reduction in…
It falls/drops/descends in…
It experiences a downward trend in…
下降
decrease declinereduce
falldrop
descendslump
plummet
动词原形 v.
动词过去式 ve
d
decreased declined reduced
felldropped
descendedslumped
plummeted
名词n.
decreasedecline
reduction+ d
去 e,+ tion
练习It rose and then experienced a
decrease.
There was a big reduction and then a s
mall growth.
It shows a small increase.
There is an upward trend and then
a downward trend.
稳定HARRY’S annual sales of h
amburgers (1998)
• remain stable• stay steady• keep constant• maintain the same
It maintains steady during ( 时间 )
The trend keeps stable from… to…
练习It rose and then experienced a
decline.
It decreases first and then keeps stead
y.
It fluctuates from… to…
There is an upward trend and then
a downward trend.
必备词汇
连接词 连接词
趋势 趋势
幅度 幅度 最值最值
Extent 幅度HARRY’S annual sales of hamburgers(1998
)
小幅度HARRY’S annual sales of hamburgers (1998)
达到
stand at
amount to
reachThe number of divorced people reached the peak in 1999.
The rate of population aged 65 amounted to 37% in 2000.
The number of married people stood at 2 million.
approachThe number of females approached 2% in 1999.
小幅度
gentle
slow
wild
slight
•There is a wild decrease in…
•It declines wildly in…
•There is a slight rise in..
•It increases slightly in…
•There is a slow increase in…
•It grows slowly in…
•There is a gentle reduction in…
•It reduces gently in…
steady •There is a steady growth in…
•It drops steadily in…
词性变化
slightlyslightly
There is a slight decrease in…
It decreases slightly in…
adj. adv.+ ly
slightslight
副词修饰动词和形容词
形容词修饰名词
例子例子
小幅度
slight gentle slow wild
steady
形容词adj.
副词adv.
slightly gently slowly wildlysteadily
+ ly
变 y 为 i, + ly
中等幅度
moderatelymoderately
mediummedium
It rises moderately in…
The number of…is in moderation.
There is a medium growth in the number of…
In moderationIn moderation
moderatemoderate
There is a moderate increase in…
大幅度
dramatical
sharp
rapid
significant •There is a significant rise in..
•It increases significantly in…
•There is a dramatical reduction in…
•It reduces dramatically in…
considerable
•There is a sharp increase in…
•It grows sharply in…
•There is a rapid decrease in…
•It declines rapidly in…
•There is a considerable increase in…
•It falls considerably in…
大幅度
significantremarkable noticeabledramatical
considerablesharprapid
形容词 副词
significantlyremarkablynoticeably
dramaticallyconsiderably
sharplyrapidly
+ ly
练习There is a gentle inc
rease and then aslow reduction.
It witnesses a sharp downward trend and then a wild decrease.
It rises dramatically and witnesses a slight decli
ne.
必备词汇
连接词 连接词
趋势 趋势
幅度 幅度 最值最值
最值
最大值
The water use 20 tons in 1990 .
peakn. / v.
maximumn.
reach a maximum
reach a highest
point at
peak at
reach a peak at
highestadj.
最小值
The water use 20 tons in 1990 .
bottomn. / v.
minimumn.
reach a minimum
reach a lowest p
oint at
bottom out at
reach a bottom at
lowestadj.
翻译练习
It showed an increase, reaching a peak at 20 millio
n.
它显示出一个大的上升趋势，达到一个最大值，
为 20 百万。
It reached a minimum, with 2000 million in 1998.
The housing prices reached a peak with 10000/m2 in 2008.
2008 年的房价达到了最高值， 为 10000/m2 。
它在 1998 年达到了最小值，为 200
0 百万。
The housing prices reached a maximum in 2008 (10000/m
2).
The housing prices reached a highest point in 2008, with
(10000/m2).
It witnessed an increase, peaking
at 20 million.
• There was a slight rise in…
• It rose significantly in…
• It witnessed an upward trend in…
• It witnessed an increase in…
HARRY’S annual sales of hamburgers (1998)
An
nu
al s
ales
(m
illi
on
)
描述对象
练习A
nn
ual
sal
es (
mil
lio
n)
HARRY’S annual sales of hamburgers (1998)
三种必用句式a) There be + 变化 （名词） + in + 被描述对象（纵坐标） There was an increase in global water use.
b) 描述对象（常为纵坐标） + 变化 （动词） in 时间或地点 The water use rises dramatically in 1970/Brazil. c) 横坐标作主语 ( 一般为时间或者地点 ) + 经历 + 变化 （形容
词 / 名词） + in+ 描述对象（纵坐标）
* 表示经历 : see / witness / experience / undergo
1900 experienced an upward trend in water use in Brazil. Brazil experienced an upward trend in water use in 1900
.
连接词• To be more detailed• To be more specific• More specifically • Besides• In addition • Additionally• Moreover• Furthermore • While • Whilst• Whereas
除了… 还有…
进一步，表递进
而，表对比
更具体点
An
nu
al s
ales
(m
illi
on
)HARRY’S annual sales of hamburgers (199
8)
In showed a fluctuation in annual sales of hamburgers during the whole year of 1998. To be specific, January experienced a slightly upward trend in annual sales of hamburgers from 1800 million to approximately 2000 million. There was a significant increase from 1800 million in June, reaching a peak at 3000 million in August. Moreover, a dramatical reduction was closely followed, bottoming out at 1200 million in October.
