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STUDY OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) APPLICATION TO INCREASE YIELD,QUALITY, AND
INCOME OF THE COCOA FARMER IN KULON PROGO YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA
DWI AULIA PUSPITANINGRUM, R.R.RUKMOWATI B; SRI WURYANI
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL ”VETERAN” YOGYAKARTA
INDONESIA
BACKGROUND
o Kulon Progo is one of regencies in the special Region of Yogyakarta Indonesia which is one of the largest cocoa-producing in the region (Name of district :Temon, Wates ,Pengasih, Kokap,Girimulyo,Nanggulan, Kalibawang and Samigaluh)
o Cocoa is one primary commodities and priorities for the community in this area, because cocoa plantation can support major economies household.
o In on farm area, Cocoa is superior because it is annual plant that relatively simple and not too complicated to maintain. This plant can bear fruits all year round , that mature fruits could be harvested then sold at anytime
BACKGROUND (continue)
Cocoa Planting Area in Kulon Progo from 2001 -2008 has increased steadilyFrom 2339 ha in 2002 to 2885 ha in 2008
Production of Cocoa in Kalibawang Kulon Progo in 2009 was 344.38 tones, and the productivity in the region was 114.29 tons/ha
Many pest affected cocoa plants in the area, so the production in 2009 and 2010 decreased.
Helopeltis antonii is also one of major pests . The other pest are stem borer, squirrel and cocoa pod barer.
Kulon Progo
High Production Area
Productivity : 0.4 (low) ; Many pest affected cocoa plants
Solution : Farmer Field School With IPM Technology
Many Pest Affected Cocoa Plants in The Area
Empowerment and Education for Farmers and Group
1. Assessing the application of IPM Technologies at Farm Level
2. Assessing the effect of the application of IPM Technologies on Cocoa Production at farm level and its quality
3. Assessing the application of IPM technologies on the level of cocoa farmer’s income
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The Location of this study is Kalibawang District, Kulon Progo, Indonesia The district that had carried out IPM course and has implemented IPM Program
Number Name of Farmers Groups Farmer had graduated from Farmer Field School
Farmers sample
1 Ngudi Rejeki 3 1
2 Trubus 15 5
3 Tani Maju 18 6
4 Rukun Abadi 37 13
5 Sidodadi 9 3
6 Ngudi Mulyo 20 7
7 Sidomulyo 3 1
Total 105 35
Data & Analysis• Prior to activity in the field, we shared understanding and agreement
of all component of IPM programs. Components of IPM Technologies that applied were :
• 1. Frequent harvesting• 2. Pruning• 3. Fertilizing• 4. Sanitation• 5. Pod sleeving
• Site manager from The Department of Agriculture and Plantation Kulon Progo Regency was positioned close to farmers farm to help farmers use their cacao farm
• The parameters were observed before and after the IPM Technology application from July until September 2010.
Data & Analysis (Continued)
• Parameter observed to study of effectiveness of the applicant of IPM Technologies were :
1. Intensity of pest attacks before and after the IPM Technology. The formula used to determine the intensity of the attacks use scoring system (Sulistyowati, 2008) as follows:
a. Score 0 = healthy fruit b. Score 1 = low level infested fruit c. Score 3 = medium level infested fruit d. Score 4 = heavily infested fruit
2. Cacao production
3. The quality of cacao product (moisture content, fat content and Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content).
4. The income of cocoa farmer
All data analysis of variance and means compared from condition before and after IPM Technology by t-Test .
Respondent Background
No. Parameter Number of Farmers
Percentage ( %)
1. Education Level : Elemnetary School Junior High school high school
11159
324325
2. Sex male female
287
8020
3 Age < 2021 s/d 4041 s/d 60>60
03
1517
08,543
48,5
5. Number of Member Household 1 person 2 person 3 person 4 person 5 person
187631
51201793
The Average Healthy Cacao Production Before and after IPM
PROGRAM APPLIED OF IPM TECHNOLOGIES
FrequentHarvesting(kg)
Pruning(kg)
Sanitation(kg)
Fertilizing( kg)
Pod Sleving(kg)
Before IPM Technology
16.43 15.8 16 17.51 13.42
After IPM Technology
17.26 21.86 17.8 18.66 16.2
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
INTENSITY OF PEST ATTACK
THE AVERAGE OF PEST ATTACK BASED ON IPM TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION
Program Pest Attack ( %)
Before IPM Technology 89.31
After IPM Technology 83.62
Reduction ( %) 6.81
Source: Field Survey, 2010
COCOA SEEDS PRODUCTIONThe Average Cocoa Seeds Production in IPM Technology
ProgramFresh Cocoa
Seeds Production(kg)
Dried Cocoa Seeds
Production(kg)
Before IPM Technology
79.27 19.818
After IPM Technology
134.61 33.652
Increase (%) 69.81 % 69.80 %
QUALITY OF COCOA SEEDS PRODUCTION
The Quality of Cocoa Seeds Production in IPM Technology
Program Moisture Content(%)
Fat Content (%)
FFA (Free Fatty Acid )
(%)
Before IPM Technology
7.58415 2.9568 36.3978
After IPM Technology
8.7836 3.32805 30.7689
Difference (%) 15.81522 12.5558 15.4650
FARMER INCOMEAVERAGE OF FARMER INCOME BASED ON IPM TECNOLOGY
APPLICATION
ProgramIncome From Fresh Cocoa Production
( INA Rupiah)
Income From Dried Cocoa Production
( INA Rupiah)
Before IPM Technology
324,114 364,628
After IPM Technology 549,714 618,429
Increase (%) 69.60 69.60
Statistical Analysis : T-test
FREQUENT HARVESTING
T-test Sig ( Two Tail)
Before IPM 1,230 0,227
After IPM
Statistical Analysis
PRUNING
T-test Sig ( Two Tail)
Before IPM 3,748 0,001
After IPM
Statistical Analysis : SanitationT-test Sig ( Two Tail)
Before IPM
2,248 0,031
After IPM
Statistical Analysis
FERTILIZINGT-test Sig ( Two Tail)
Before IPM 1,546 0,131
After IPM
Statistical Analysis
POD SLEEVINGT-test Sig ( Two Tail)
Before IPM 3,010 0,005
After IPM
Pod sleeving applicators
Statistical Analysis : T-test FARMER INCOME
T-test Sig ( Two Tail)
Before IPM 7,342 0,000
After IPM
Conclusion• Farmer Field School not only improved farmer’s
knowledge on IPM, but also changed the farmer’s attitude in applying the new technology they received.
• The continuous and consistent application of IPM will significantly increase their income potential.
• To support the continuous and consistent application of IPM, the farmers will need assistance and monitoring from the extension field workers.
POLICY IMPLICATION
• Mentoring and Counselling for IPM Technology need to be done continuously either from the Department of Agriculture and Forestry Kulon Progo District, University, Private Institute, or other institutions that farmers can consciously apply the IPM willingly
• Common perception regarding appropriate cocoa quality suitable to be sold need to be developed between the traders and institution facilitating IPM Technology to avoid the confusion on farmers and their willingness to adopt the technology
Acknowledgment
• This acknowledgement is submitted to Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of National Education that has funded this research. Research grant No: 0428/Kap V/ A.1/2010