Upload
nicholas-roumbakis
View
103
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
American
Identity:•By 1872 German
immigration had
already began to have
a major effect on the
American Identity.
Especially in the north.
•German Ideals of
recreation, exercise
and outdoor activity
had a profound affect
on the American
Identity.
https://www.boundless.com/users/282574/textbooks/us-history-to-1877-9e5d3c56-f48a-487c-835b-
cea71fc7aa09/gender-religion-race-and-ethnicity-in-the-1800s-556/immigration-88/german-immigration-460-
1730/
The idea of “the Weekend”
•Before the arrival of
German culture into
America, most
American colonial
communities viewed
the sabbath as a time
for rest and relaxation
at home with the family.
Germans however had
a long tradition of
organized Sunday
recreation.
•After the arrival of
German Immigrants
new large scale
recreation facilities
began to appear.http://www.1stchoicemag.com/leisure-recreation/76-german-immigrant-influence-
on-american-culture
Recreational Facilities
•German ideals for celebrating the weekend resulted in several recreational
Buildings and facilities that can be found all across the country, many are integral
Local Oktoberfest celebrations.
Picnic Grounds•Many traditions that we think of as being
fundamentally American, were either introduced or
popularized by German immigrants in the 19th
century. Like the PICNIC… who knew?!
Bandstands•Bavarians loved music,
dancing and outdoors, It
is easy to imagine how
the influenced the
Bandstands and
Pavilions that you see in
your local parks.
Sport clubs - “Schützen Parks”
• German Americans celebrated. There were Schützenfests, Turnfests, Sängerfests, Carnival parades, Mai celebrations, Johannisfestivals (St. John the Baptist Day is celebrated with the summer solstice). ‘’These festivals afforded Germans in the company of their fellow countrymen the opportunity to indulge in the old time German style and therein acknowledge that their national traditions and moral fiber were valid even this far away from their original source”. - Source: The German Americans-An Ethnic Experience, German Clubs, Vereins By Willi Paul Adams
Concert halls
• During the
heyday of the
German
immigrant stage,
audiences in
New York’s Klein
Deutschland
(Little Germany)
attended
performances of
operas, musical
comedies and
several other
types of musical
and acting
entertainment. Music in German Immigrant Theater:
New York City, 1840-1940 by John
Koegel
Bowling Alleys
• The first recorded
ten pin bowling
match was played
at Knickerbocker
Alleys in NYC on
January 1, 1840. –
farmers almanac.
• Knickerbocker
Field Club bowling
team 1905.
http://www.almanac.com/fact/first-
recorded-ten-pin-bowling-match-
played-at
Amusement parks• When Hershey Park, in Hershey
Pennsylvania first began operating, it was a community park with picnic tables, playgrounds for children, ball fields, a bandstand, a small concession stand and a pavilion that was used for vaudeville style performances, dances and other events. Visitors came to enjoy a picnic, stroll the paths along Spring Creek, listen to a band concert and perhaps take in a baseball game.
Holiday TraditionsMany traditions that we think of as being fundamentally American, were either introduced or popularized by German immigrants in the 19th century. We can thank German immigrants for the Christmas tree, Santa Claus, and the Easter Bunny• .
• German Immigrant Influence on American Culture. (2013). Retrieved August 03, 2016, from http://www.1stchoicemag.com/leisure-recreation/76-german-immigrant-influence-on-american-culture
Santa Claus with Christmas Tree
Dance/Music
The Germans introduced
a variety of dances and
musical instruments into
American culture. Notable
contributions include
waltzes, polkas, trumpets,
pianos and the tuba.
• German Immigrant Influence on American Culture. (2013). Retrieved August 03, 2016, from http://www.1stchoicemag.com/leisure-recreation/76-german-immigrant-influence-on-american-culture
German Tuba Player
Economy:
• German immigration in the 19th century
brought over many different people
specializing in different industries. The
variety of industries operating during
these times heavily contributed to the
economic opportunities in the U.S.
Entrepreneurship
• German entrepreneurs can
take credit for creating many
businesses in different
industries throughout
America, especially the
brewing industry. Many of
the companies formed by
these people stimulated the
economy and are still
operating today.
Beer
In the mid-19th Century
(1850's) German
immigrant brewers
introduced cold
maturation lagers to the
US (Anheuser-Busch,
Miller, Coors, Stroh,
Schlitz, and Pabst.
• Raley, L. (1998). Concise Timetable of Beer History. Retrieved August 03, 2016, from http://www.beerhistory.com/library/holdings/raley_timetable.shtml
German Glass (Das Boot)
Industrialism
• German-American industrialism also
boomed with the increase in
immigration. Many immigrants worked
in factories founded by German
industrialists. The following slides
review some of the businessman and
companies founded during this time.
Eyewear
In the 1900’s, Bausch + Lomb continued to demonstrate its place at the forefront of technological innovation for optical products. Bausch + Lomb produced the first optical quality glass made in America, developed ground-breaking sunglasses for the military in World War I, and created the lenses used on the cameras that took the first satellite pictures of the moon. In 1971, Bausch + Lomb introduced the first soft contact lenses and is still the largest global provider of eye care products.
John Jacob Bausch and Henry Lomb
• The Bausch Lomb Story. (2016). Retrieved August 03, 2016, from http://www.bausch.com/our-company/about-bausch-lomb/the-bausch-lomb-story#.V6JJcvkrLs0
Construction
• The Weyerhaeuser Company was a lumber business started by Frederick Weyerhaeuser. The company continues to be a world leader in lumber sales today.
• The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. (n.d.). Frederick Weyerhaeuser. Retrieved August 03, 2016, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-Weyerhaeuser
Frederick Weyerhaeuser
Automotive
The First Chrysler (1924)
• Germans also contributed to
the automotive industry.
Some of the earlier
established brands include
Chrysler and Studebaker.
• DaimlerChrysler AG. (2010). Retrieved August 05, 2016, from http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/businesses/A-F/DaimlerChrysler-AG.html
Musical Instruments
• Piano building was another craft that Germans brought to America and are still sold as well-known names such as Steinway, Knabeand Schnabel.
• Sowell, T. (1981). Ethnic America: A history. New York: Basic Books.
Composer Sergei Rachmaninoff with a Steinway piano.
Petroleum & GasJohn D. Rockefeller (1885)• Possibly one of the
most notable and richest businessmen in History was John Rockefeller. Rockefeller was of German descent and established Standard Oil Company in 1870. The company became the largest oil refiner in the world.
• German American Corner: ROCKEFELLER, John Davison (1839-1937). (2000). Retrieved August 05, 2016, from http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/rockefeller.html
Food and Condiments
Ketchup
• H. J. Heinz Company, founded in 1888 by Henry J. Heinz, is primarily known for their tomato ketchup: Heinz began manufacturing and selling his ketchup under a different company name (F. & J. Heinz) back in 1876. This product is still with us today (and likely will remain with us forevermore). In 1896, Henry Heinz came up with the "Heinz 57" advertising slogan, deriving from "Heinz 57 Varieties" and began promoting the already-numerous Heinz products under this campaign.
C, C. (2012). Old Glass Bottles and Items of Antiquity: Heinz 57 Tomato Ketchup Clear Glass Bottle - [Armstrong Cork Co.]. Retrieved August 05, 2016, from http://oldglassbottles.blogspot.com/2012/09/heinz-57-tomato-ketchup-clear-glass.html
Agriculture
• Another aspect in which Germans contributed to the economy was their presence in the agricultural world. Roughly half of German immigrants established farms in the Midwest. From Ohio to the Plains states, a heavy presence of German heritage persists in rural areas today.
Boundless. “German Immigration.” US History to 1877. Boundless, 26 May. 2016. Retrieved 02 Aug. 2016
Government and Society
• A German group known as the Forty-Eighters were in favor of a more democratic government and human rights. Many of these well educated people re-located from Germany where they were displeased with government rule and settled in to the United States and became well established within American Society.
• Boundless. “German Immigration.” US History to 1877. Boundless, 26 May. 2016. Retrieved 02 Aug. 2016
Anti-slavery Movements
• Sentiment among German Americans was largely anti-slavery, especially among Forty-Eighters. Hundreds of thousands of German Americans volunteered to fight for the Union in the U.S. Civil War, making them the largest immigrant group to participate. Although only one in four Germans fought in all-German regiments, they created the public image of the German soldier.
Boundless. “German Immigration.” US History to 1877. Boundless, 26 May. 2016. Retrieved 02 Aug. 2016
Labor Unions
• With industrialism on the rise, labor
union movements spread throughout
America. Germans played a significant
role in the labor union movements
being that they were so heavily
involved in business at the time.
• Boundless. “German Immigration.” US History to 1877. Boundless,
26 May. 2016. Retrieved 02 Aug. 2016
Influence on Schools“Germans introduced physical education and vocational education into the public schools,
and were responsible for the inclusion of gymnasiums in school buildings. More important, they were leaders in the call for universal education, a notion not common in the U.S. at the time.” (1stchoicemag.com)
Several important educational foundations were created from the German influence…
Physical education• Before physical education became popular in school systems, private gyms started to crop up in
Europe and America. The first indoor gymnasium in Germany was probably the one built in Hesse in
1852 by Adolph Spiess, an enthusiast for boys' and girls' gymnastics in the schools. In the United
States, the Turner movement thrived in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The first Turners
group was formed in Cincinnati in 1848. The Turners built gymnasia in several cities, including
Cincinnati and St. Louis which had large German American populations. Adults and youth utilized these
gyms.
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.or
g/entry/Physical_education
Kindergarten
• Karl Schurz and his wife Margarethacreated the first kindergarten in America in Watertown Wisconsin in their home in 1855. Their curriculum was founded on the principles taught in Germany by Friedrich Froebel who founded the first known Kindergarten in 1837 in BlankenburgGermany.
http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?articl
e=1110&context=sferc
Language schools“German was actually one of
the leading languages
taught in most colleges
and universities in the
1900’s”
Trommler, Frank, and Joseph McVeigh. America and the Germans: An Assessment of a Three-
Hundred-Year History. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985. Print.
•To emphasize the importance of their
language in the transmission of cultural
values, German Americans strove to
maintain their own German-language
schools, first by establishing private
institutions and later, after 1849, by
pressuring school districts to offer German
or bilingual education where parents
requested it. In addition to the German-
language instruction offered in the public
schools, there was the instruction in the
parochial schools operated especially by
Catholics and Lutherans, which enrolled
thousands of the children of German
immigrants.
Vocational TrainingGermans introduced vocational education into the public school
system – The Library of Congress
Boys in a vocational printing class learning math, Fall River, Massachusetts, 1916.
The concept of Universal Education
• Education reform
was just one of the
many causes that
German
immigrants
championed were
central to many
American reform
movements of in
the years before
the Civil War.
Media
• The term “Germania” was used to describe German American neighborhoods and their organizations. In the late 19th century, The Germania Publishing Company was established in Milwaukee. The company published books, magazines and newspapers in German. These sources of information contributed to cultural and political nationalism.
• Boundless. “German Immigration.” US History to 1877. Boundless, 26 May. 2016. Retrieved 02 Aug. 2016
References:• Boundless. “German Immigration.” US History to 1877. Boundless, 26 May. 2016. Retrieved 02 Aug. 2016
• C, C. (2012). Old Glass Bottles and Items of Antiquity: Heinz 57 Tomato Ketchup Clear Glass Bottle -[Armstrong Cork Co.]. Retrieved August 05, 2016, from http://oldglassbottles.blogspot.com/2012/09/heinz-57-tomato-ketchup-clear-glass.html
• DaimlerChrysler AG. (2010). Retrieved August 05, 2016, from http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/businesses/A-F/DaimlerChrysler-AG.html
• German American Corner: ROCKEFELLER, John Davison (1839-1937). (2000). Retrieved August 05, 2016, from http://www.germanheritage.com/biographies/mtoz/rockefeller.html
• German Immigrant Influence on American Culture. (2013). Retrieved August 03, 2016, from http://www.1stchoicemag.com/leisure-recreation/76-german-immigrant-influence-on-american-culture
• Raley, L. (1998). Concise Timetable of Beer History. Retrieved August 03, 2016, from http://www.beerhistory.com/library/holdings/raley_timetable.shtml
• Sowell, T. (1981). Ethnic America: A history. New York: Basic Books.
• The Bausch Lomb Story. (2016). Retrieved August 03, 2016, from http://www.bausch.com/our-company/about-bausch-lomb/the-bausch-lomb-story#.V6JJcvkrLs0
• The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. (n.d.). Frederick Weyerhaeuser. Retrieved August 03, 2016, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-Weyerhaeuser
• Trommler, Frank, and Joseph McVeigh. America and the Germans: An Assessment of a Three-Hundred-Year History. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985. Print.