Historical development of

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ARISTOTLE

FOUNDER OF

LOGIC

SIX TREATIES ON LOGICAL MATTERS

1 CategoriesDiscusses 10 Aristotle’s basic kinds of entities:

• Substance • Quantity• Quality• Relation• Place

• Time• Position• State• Action• Passion

However….

It has little to do with logic in the modern sense.

2 On interpretation

Includes a statement of Aristotle’s semantics, along with a study of the structure of certain basic kinds of propositions and their interrelations.

3 Prior analytics

Containing the theory of syllogistic.

4 Posterior analytics

Presents Aristotle’s theory of “scientific demonstration” in his special sense. This is Aristotle’s account of the philosophy of science or scientific methodology.

5 topics

Contains a study of non-demonstrative reasoning. It is a miscellany of how to conduct a good argument.

6 Sophistic Refutations

A discussion of various kinds of fallacies. It was originally intended as a ninth book of the Topics.

ZENOThe

STOIC

He is a Greek Philosopher who was also known as Zeno of Citium, who was born in Citium, Cyprus. Little is known of his early life except that his contemporaries referred to him as a Phoenician.

Zeno founded his own school of philosophy, known as STOICISM.

Stoicism had a powerfully developed system of philosophy, which covered logic, ethics and physics.

POPHYRIUS

He is a Neoplatonist Philosopher who was also know as Poryphyfrom tyre in Phoenicia. He studied with Longinus in Athens and then with Plotinus in Rome from 263–269 C.E. and became a follower of the latter's version of Platonism.

Isagoge, which was written by Poryphyr in Greek and translated by Boethius in Latin became the standard textbook on logic for at least a millennium after his death in 304 A. D.

Severinus Boethius

He was a Roman Christian Philosopher who translated Aristotle’s Organon and Porpyrius’ Isagoge and became an important figure in bridging the world of ancient philosophy and the middle ages.

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Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn ibn Sina is better known in Europe by the Latinized name “Avicenna.” He is probably the most significant philosopher in the Islamic tradition and arguably the most influential philosopher of the pre-modern era.

Averros

Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd, better known in the Latin West as Averroes, lived during a unique period in Western intellectual history, in which interest in philosophy and theology was waning in the Muslim world and just beginning to flourish in Latin Christendom.

FOR AVICENNA AND

AVERROS

They both wrote commentaries on Aristotle’s Organon.

St. Thomas Aquinas

He was born in the Kingdom of Naples at Rocca Secca purportedly between the years 1225 and 1227. When he was transferred to Frederick II’s University of Naples, he was introduced to the new Dominican order and most likely where he was first introduced to the works of Aristotle, Averroes and Maimonides that would have such a profound influence on him.

He presented his intensive commentaries on the logical work of Aristotle called the Comprehensive Science of Logic.

Francis

Beacon

He wrote a Philosophical work entitled “Novum Organum” which was written in Latin and published in 1620. The title is a reference to Aristotle's work Organon, which was his treatise on logic and syllogism. In NovumOrganum, Beacon details a new system of logic he believes to be superior to the old ways of syllogism. This is now known as the “Baconian method”.

George Boole

He was known to be the father of the New Symbolic Logic.

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