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Air cleaning systems
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What is a HEPA FILTER?
HEPA is an acronym for “High Efficiency Particulate Air”
This type of air filter can remove at least 99.97% of dust, pollen, mold, bacteria and any airborne particles with a size of 0.3 micrometres (μm)
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Types of HEPA FILTERS
Types
Application Performance
A industrial, noncritical
99.97 % @ 0.3 µm
B nuclear containment
99.97 % @ 0.3 µm (certified by DOE)
C laminar flow 99.99 % @ 0.3 µm
D ultra-low penetration air ULPA
99.9995 % @ 0.12 µm
E stopping toxic, nuclear, chemical and biological threats
99.999 % efficiency
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Construction:
HEPA filter is constructed of borosilicate microfibres in the form of pleated sheet
Sheet is pleated to increase the overall filtration surface area.
The pleats are separated by serrated aluminum baffles or stitched fabric ribbons, which direct airflow through the filter
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Construction
This combination of pleated sheets and baffles acts as filtration medium.
It is installed into an outer frame made of fire-rated particle board, aluminum, or stainless steel
The frame-media junctions are permanently glued or ‘‘pot-sealed’’ to ensure a leak proof
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HEPA FILTER
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Filtration Mechanisms:
1. Inertial Impaction :
particle inertia causes it to leave the flow streamlines and impact on the fiber.
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Filtration mechanisms:
2. Diffusion:
The particles traverse the flow stream, they collide with the fiber and are collected.
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Filtration mechanisms:
3.Interception :
These mid-sized particles follow the flow stream as it bends through the fiber spaces. Particles are intercepted or captured when they touch a fiber.
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HEPA in Laminar air flow systems
Laminar air flow systems are used for cleaning air in aseptic rooms.
In laminar air flow systems,clean air is obtained through HEPA filters
This air flows at a speed of 100 ft/min & sweeps dust particles making entire room free of particulate matter
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Classification of clean rooms
Six classes have been established to designate cleanroom cleanliness .
Class 1 Class 10 Class 100 Class 1,000 Class 10,000 Class 100,000
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Types of Laminar air flow systems
Laminar air flow systems are of 3 types
1. Downward flow systems 2. Horizontal flow systems 3. Wall to floor flow systems
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Downward flow systems This system consists of false
floor & ceiling
The air is filtered through pre-filters ,electroststic filters and HEPA filters in sequence
These 3 filters are placed in false ceiling
From the false floor,a small portion of filtered air is recirculated in to false ceiling through a recirculation duct.
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Horizontal flow systemsThe air is filtered through
prefilters ,HEPA filters which are placed in lateral walls.
Air is recirculated through punched plate wall or recirculation duct.
Achievement of complete sterile conditions is not possible because the airflow is not focussed on working area
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Wall to floor flow systems:
The filtered air enters from lateral wall with an inclined flow towards the floor.
In this system working area is offered with high aseptic conditions.
This system is more expensive
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Conditions That Will Damage HEPA Filters Moisture: 95-100% relative humidity
Hot air: greater than 275 °F
Fire: direct fire or high concentrations of particulate matter produced by fire
High pressure: 8 in. of water, gauge (in. wg) internal or differential across filter media
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Conditions That Will Damage HEPA Filters Corrosive : dilute moist or moderately dry
concentrations of acids and caustics
Any acid and some caustics will attack uncoated aluminum separators
Hydrofluoric acid will attack the media
Nitric acid
Shock pressures
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Shipment,storage,handling: The HEPA filter is extremely fragile and
should be shipped, stored, and handled in the same manner as delicate instrumentation. Personnel responsible for receiving and handling HEPA filters should receive training in proper handling technique. All incoming HEPA filters should be visually inspected for apparent
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