HSE Management Systems

HEALTH

SAFETY ENVIRONMENT

By : Ajeet Kumar Sharma , DGM, BHEL , Haridwar ,

SAFETY

ACCIDENT

Unsafe Act /Practice

Unsafe Condition

Property Damage Business Interruptions

Injury Loss of Life

Safety

Freedom from unacceptable risk or harm ( ISO/IEC guide 2)

Safety is the condition of being protected against failure, damage, error , accidents , or harm.

Definitions :

Situation Then & Now

Then

Expenditure on Safety is wasteful

Now

If workmen are made aware about hazards it’s a WIN-WIN situation

If workmen come to know about hazards work will suffer

Safety pays

Situation is Improving but Still Grim

HEALTH

Health Many Definitions :

Negatively : Absence of illness

Functionally : Ability to cope with everyday activities

Positively : Fitness and well-being.

Survival : Health also implies good prospects for continued

survival.

Biological : In any organism, health is a form of homeostasis. This is a state of balance, with inputs and outputs of energy and matter in equilibrium (allowing for growth).

Health Health is a state of complete

physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

( By WHO , 1948 , not amended since then )

• Health is a resource for everyday life, not the object of living.

• It is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources as well as physical capabilities.

“ Prevention of diseases and maintenance of highest degree of physical , mental and social well being of workers in all occupations”

Occupational Health

Modern concept of occupational health now embrace all types of employment including

• Industries • Mercantile and commercial enterprises,• Services • Trade• Forestry and agriculture. • All other professions

Occupational Health

Occupational Health

Occupational health includes • Industrial hygiene,• Industrial diseases, • Industrial work physiology, • Industrial accidents,• Toxicology in relation to industrial hazards, • Occupational rehabilitation, • Occupational psychology etc.

List of Notifiable Diseases[As per schedule III, Factories Act 1948]

1. Lead poisoning including poisoning by any preparation or compound of lead or their sequelae

2. Lead-tetra-ethyle poisoning 3. Phosphorus poisoning or its sequelae4. Mercury poisoning or its sequelae5. Manganese poisoning or its sequelae6. Arsenic poisoning or its sequelae.7. Poisoning by nitrous fumes8. Carbon bisulphide poisoning9. Benzene poisoning. Including v by any of its homologues, their nitro or amide

derivatives or its sequelae10. Chrome ulceration or its sequelae11. Anthrax 12. Silicosis13. Poisoning by halogens or halogen derivatives of the hydrocarbons of the aliphatic

series14. Pathologic manifestations due to :- a. Radium or other radioactive substances; b. X-ray15. Primary epitheliomatous cancer of the skin16. Toxic anemia

List of Notifiable Diseases[As per schedule III, Factories Act 1948]

17.Toxic jaundice due to poisonous substances18. Oil acne or dermatitis due to mineral oils and compounds containing mineral oil

base.19. Byssionosis20. Asbestosis21. Occupational or contact dermatitis caused by direct contacts with chemicals and

paints. These are of two types, that is primary irritants and allergic senstizers22. Noise induced hearing less (exposures to high noise levels)23. Beryllium poisoning 24. Carbon monoxide poisoning.25. Coal miner’s pneumoconiosis26. Phosgene poisoning27. Occupational cancer28. Isocyanates poisoning 29. Toxic nephrites.

ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT

Surroundings* in which an organization operates, including air, water, land,

natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelation.

*Surroundings in this context extend from within an organization to the global system

Definitions :

Initially Total Harmony with Environment

No need to Manage Environment

Danger of extinction of human civilization of earth

So need for Management of Environment

Human activities were a very small part of Environment

Now Human interferes dominates over nature

What is the Big Issue Today ?

Sustainability

Accelerated Development

Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Source : World Commission on Environment and Development (established by a resolution of UN General Assembly) (Brundtland Commission, 1987).

Challenges for Sustainable Development

• Climatic Changes

• Global Warming

• Loading the Environment Beyond its

Carrying Capacity

• Accelerated Resource Depletion

• Loss of Biodiversity

Challenges for Sustainable Development

• Ozone Depletion• Extinction of Plant and Animal Species• Transboundary Issues ( e.g. Acid rain , Water resources , Movement of Hazardous wastes etc.)

•

Global Warming

Some facts • The global average air temperature near the Earth's

surface rose 0.74 ± 0.18 °C during the 100 years ending in 2005.

• Main Cause : Increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations via Green House Effect.

Global warmingIt is the increase in the Average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and ocean in recent decades and its projected continuation.

GREENHOUSE EFFECT

Green House Gases :• Carbon dioxide- CO2

• Methane – CH4

• Nitorus oxide – N2O

• Water Vapour ( other than clouds)

• Ozone- O3

• Per Fluro Carbons- PFC

• Hydro Fluro Carbons- HFC

• Sulphur Hexa Fluoride –SF6

Green Houses Gases No.

Greenhouse Gas GWP

1 Carbon dioxide –CO2 12 Methane –CH4 213 Nitrous Oxide –N2O 3104 Per Fluoro Carbons --PFC 95005 Hydro Fluro Carbons -HFC 117006 Sulphur Hexa Fluoride-SF6 23900• GWP : Global Warming Potential

GREENHOUSE EFFECT

Likely Impact :- Earth’s temperature is likely to rise by 1.1 to 6.4oC during 21st century.- Warming and sea level rise are expected to continue for more than a thousand years even

if greenhouse gas levels are stabilized. - Sea level likely to rise by of 15 to 95 cm.---- loss of land along costal areas- Extreme weather events.- Change in amount & pattern of precipitation.- Fall in agricultural yield.- Glacier retreat - Species extinction.- Adverse effect on human health ( increase in rage of disease vectors)- Effect on Ecological systems

HSE MANAGEMENT

Various Management Systems

EMS : Environment Management System

OHS-MS : Occupational Health & Safety MS

QMS : Quality Management System

HSE-MS : Health ,Safety & Environment MS

QHSE-MS : Quality, Health ,Safety & Environment MS

IMS : Integrated Management System

DMS : Disaster Management System

RMS : Risk Management System

Basis of Management Systems

PLAN

CHECK/ CORRECT

DODeming Cycle

ACT/IMPROVE

EMS & OHS-MS

OHS Hazard – Risk

Historical Development

1960 Environment awareness

1970 End of the Pipe Approach

1980 Environment committees Approach

1985 Env. Management & Audit 1991 EMAS

1992 Rio Summit on environment( earth Summit)1992 BS 7750

1996 ISO 14001 1999 OHSAS 18001

Driving Forces

Legislations on Environmental Issues

Public Pressure

Pressure Groups

Business Needs

Realization by Some that Good HSE Management Pays Back

HSE Management System

Part of overall management system which includes organizational structure , planning activities , responsibilities , practices , procedures , processes and resources for developing , implementing , achieving , reviewing and maintaining the HSE policy

EMS What is an EMS? A system that enables any organization irrespective of its size and settings to manage its environmental impacts arising out of its activities , products and services. ensure compliance to regulations set objectives and targets brings Continual improvement demonstrate high environmental performance to others

OHS-MS

What is an OHS-MS? A system that enables any organization irrespective of its size and settings to

Manage hazards and associated risks arising out of its activities , products and services. Ensure compliance to regulations Set objectives and targets Brings Continual improvement Demonstrate high OH&S performance to others

Environmental Aspects/Impacts

• Aspects - Element of an organization's activities, products or services that can interact with the environment

• Impacts - Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization's activities, products or services

OHS Hazard – Risk

HAZARDHAZARD - Source or situation with a - Source or situation with a potential for harm in terms of injury or ill potential for harm in terms of injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to health, damage to property, damage to workplace environment, or a combination of workplace environment, or a combination of thesethese

RISKRISK - Combination of the likelihood and - Combination of the likelihood and consequence(s) of a specified hazardous consequence(s) of a specified hazardous event occurringevent occurring

International Standards Environment Management System• ISO 14001 • EMAS ( European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme ) • BS 7750 ( UK ) • EPA ( USA)

OH&S Management System

• OHSAS 18001

• ILO Guidelines

Checking

MANAGEMETN REVIEW Planning

ELEMENTS OF ISO 14001 Environmental policy

Implementation & operations

CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT

Checking & Corrective Actions

MANAGEMETN REVIEW

ELEMENTS OF OHSAS 18001

OH&S policy

Implementation & operations

CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT

Elements of ISO14001& OHSAS 18001

• Policy Statement - a statement of the organization’s commitment to the Health Safety & Environment.• Identification of Significant Environmental Impacts of products, activities and services and their effects on the environment .• Identification of OH&S Hazards and assessing risk to identify unacceptable risks. • Development of Objectives and Targets - HSE goals for the organization

• Implementation - plans to meet objectives and targets • Defining roles, responsibility ,accountability & authority• Training - ensure that people working under control of the organisation are aware and capable of their HSE responsibilities.• Audits • Management Review

HSE Policy• Defined & authorized by top management• Appropriate to the nature, scale, Env. impacts

and OH&S Risks of the activities, products, services of the organisation.

• Commitment to comply with legal requirements.

• Commitment for continual improvement in HSE performance .

• Commitment for prevention of pollution, ill health and injury.

• Available to Interested parties .

Interested Parties

Customer

Company

Suppliers

Public

Investors Employees

Government

HSE Performance

Measurable results of the HSE-MS , related to an organization's control of its environmental aspects, OH&S Hazard & Risks based on its HSE policy, objectives and targets.

Continual Improvement

Recurring process of enhancing the Health Safety & Environment Management System in order to achieve improvement in overall HSE performance consistent with the organization's HSE Policy .

Note :The process need not take place in all areas of activity simultaneously.

Continual Improvement

Planning• Identification environmental aspect and

associated impacts of its activities , products and services.

• Identification of aspects having significant Impact.

• Hazard identification , risk assessment and determining controls

• Identification of applicable legal requirements.

Planning

• Identification of applicable HSE related legal requirements.

• Framing objectives and targets.• Preparing management programs to

achieve objectives and targets.

Identification of Aspects & Impacts

• Establish the current status of the company vis-a-vis the environment

• Gather information aboutEmissionsInterested party concernsWastesResourcesPotential environmental problemsRelevant laws and regulationsPrevious incidents

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS OF A MANUFACTURING PROCESS.

UNIT OPERATION

Reusable Waste

Recycle

Hazardous/Solid WastesLiquid WastesWaste Water

ProductsBy-Products

Gaseous Emissions

Catalyst/AdditivesWater/Air

Energy

Raw Materials

IDENTIFICATION OF ASPECTS/IMPACTS

ENERGY LOSS

Identification of Aspects & Impacts

Step 1: Select an activity or process

The selected activity or process should be large enough for meaningful examination and small enough to be sufficiently understood.

Identification of Aspects & Impacts

Step 2: Identify environmental aspects of the activity, product or service

Identify as many environmental aspects as possible with the selected product, activity or process

Identification of Aspects & Impacts

Step 3 : Identify Environmental Impacts

Identify as many actual and potential, positive and negative, environmental impacts as possible associated with each identified aspect.

Identification of Aspects & Impacts

Step 4 : Evaluation of Associated Environmental Impacts

The significance of each of the identified environmental impacts can be different for each organisation. Quantification can aid judgement.

Evaluation of Aspects & ImpactsEvaluation can be facilitated by considering:

Environmental concerns Scale of the impact Severity of the impact Probability of occurrence Duration of the impact

Business concerns Potential regulatory and legal exposure Resource saving potential Potential for waste reduction/re-use/ recycling Difficulty in changing the impact Effect of change on activities & processes Cost of changing the impact

What Issues are Significant?

Issues that:Results from a direct release of prescribed noxious or persistent substances/pollutants.Results from poor management of resources, raw materials or wastes.Results of use of capital or revenue expenditure which could be avoided.

Hazard Identification Inputs :

Routine and non routine activities

Activities of all person having access to work place.

Design of work place.

Processes

Operating procedures

Material at work place.

Human behaviour , capabilities

Infrastructure , installations , equipment/ machinery etc.

Any changes or proposed changes in organisation , material , processes etc.

HAZARD AND RISKS - DEFENSES

ACTIVITY

HAZARD L1 L2 L3 L4

RISKS

DAMAGES & LOSSES

L1 - Technological Measures L2 - Operation Measures L3 - Competence L4 - Monitoring & Measurement ( including Supervision)

Defence Mechanism

Hazard Identification Approach

Proactive

rather than reactive

Determining Controls • Hierarchy of controls

ELIMINATION

SUBSTITUTION

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

Signage/warnings

or Administrative controls

PPEs Source : OHSAS 18001

Implementation & Operations Define • Roles • Responsibility • Accountability• Authority

Training• Training need identification• Awareness training • Competence training• Training on role , responsibility• Training on EPR

Implementation & Operations

Documentation Control of DocumentsOperational control proceduresCommunication Consultation & Participation Emergency preparedness and response

Checking• Measurement & Monitoring

Resources Energy Wastes ( Generated/ reused/recycled/disposed ) Effluents Emissions Work place environment monitoring Environment monitoring Trend Analysis

Checking• Accident /Incidents

Accident/incident data Safety indices Results of incident/accident investigation Losses due accidents Trend Analysis

• Monitoring of Progress of Objectives Programs

Checking• Result of evaluation of legal Compliance

• Health monitoring results /trends

• Assessment of Mock drill results

• Findings of Audits & Inspections

Management ReviewTo be carried out at planned interval

Review of measurement and monitoring results

Audit findings

Evaluation of legal compliance

Review of Objectives / HSE Performances

Communication from interested parties

Follow up of previous Review.

Recommendation for improvement

BARRIERS Lack of awareness/awakening towards environmental concerns Lack of commitment towards social cause. Resistance to change . No body is forcing so why to do it Tendency for immediate gain. Tendency for “end of the pipe” approach Lack of appreciation of intangible gains. HSE performance is often not a part of annual appraisal of managers. “ Safety is safety departments concern” approach. Safety considered hindrance in progress of work. People are uncomfortable with PPE.

CONSTRAINTS

Lack of support from top management. Budget constraints / Economic Viability.Lesser degree of enforcement of regulations & legislations.Lack of direct incentives.

Per Fluoro Carbons ( PFCs)

S.No. Per Fluro Compounds GWP Value of CO2 = 1

1 CF4 5700

2 C2F6 11900

3 C3F8 8600

4 C4F8 10,000

5 CHF3 12,000

6 SF6 22,200

7 NF3 10,8000

CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change refers to a statically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability , persisting for an extended period ( typically decades or longer) .

Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings , or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use.

Hydro Fluoro Carbons ( HFCs)CFC Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) are compounds containing

Chlorine , Fluorine & Carbon only .They contain no Hydrogen. They were formerly used widely in industry as refrigerants , propellants, and cleaning solvents. Their use has been prohibited by the Montreal Protocol because of effects on the Ozone Layer . They are also powerful greenhouse gases.

HFC Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) contain no chlorine. They are composed entirely of carbon, hydrogen, and fluorine. They have no known effects at all on the ozone layer. However, they too are powerful greenhouse gases.