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WFD and Upland management:a regulatory perspective
Harriet OrrResearch Expert, Climate Change, Evidence Directorate9th May 2012
Input from: Robert Brotherton, Zoe Frogbrook, Stacey Roe, Kate Gamble, Simon Hildon
Introduction
Good Ecological Status: reasons for failure
Pressures, impacts and measures
How we’re addressing issues and evidence gaps
Reasons for Failure
Water BodyFailures due toagriculture and landmanagementNorthern England
Wales Reasons For WFD Failures - Wales19%
16%
11%
10%
7%
7%
7%
7%
4%
3%
2%
2%
1%
1%
3%Unknown (investigation to be completed)
Agricultural pollution
Artificial barriers to fish migration
Abandoned mines and contaminated land
Forestry
Acidification
Sewage discharges
Impoundments
Flood protection & land drainage
Urban & transport development
Surface water abstraction
Natural conditions
Industrial discharges
Septic tanks
Other
Reasons for Failure Wales
Agricultural Pollution132 of Wales’ water bodies (16% of failures) fail Good Status because ofpollution from agricultural activities
Abandoned mines & contaminated land84 of Wales’ water bodies (10% of failures) fail Good Status because ofdiffuse and point source pollution from abandoned mines andcontaminated land
Reasons for Failure
Forestry60 of Wales’ water bodies (7% of failures) fail Good Status because offorestry activities
This may drop to around 20 with further investigations
Map of surface waterfailures for forestry
Reasons for Failure Wales
Acidification in Wales59 water bodies (7% of failures) fail Good Status because of the depositionof acidifying pollutants from combustion on sensitive environments.
Map of surface waterfailures due to acidification
Upland issues
Failures due to upland condition are few
Looking for cost effective multiple benefits from measures
Holistic approach in uplands e.g. riparian management toreduce sediment and nutrient delivery
Evidence gaps for pressure/impacts
Risks of deterioration
Efficacy of measures
Value for money of measures esp. sediment/morphology
lag time between implementation and ecological recovery.
Existing mechanisms
Voluntary agreements e.g. safeguard zones for drinkingwater
Pilot studies: learning by doingNE, moorland condition and fish (non SSSI) 13 water bodies to beimproved through moorland restoration (> 900 water bodies in theregion)
Effectiveness of catchment sensitive farming methods
“Taking a quality rather than quantity approach”
Implementing measures: Safeguard zones
Drinking Water Protected Areas for water supply – designated in WFD
DrWPAs provide safe drinking water (Drinking Water Directive)
Protected from deterioration in quality (reduce treatment)
Key variables colour, pesticides, algae and nitrate.
In England, DrWPAs protected through defining Safeguard Zones.
Voluntary Safeguard Zone Action Plans – to focus actions.
Safeguard Zone action plan can link PR09/PR14 programmes.
Drinking Water Protected Areas at risk of failure due tocolour
25 DrWPAs at risk in NW feeding into10 Safeguard Zone action plans
18 DrWPAs at risk inYorkshire & NorthEast Region, feeding into 5 Safe guardZone action plans
WPZ/product restrictions
CoGAP/cross compliance/NVZs/CFE
Safeguard zones
WaterCompanycatchmentschemes
WPZ/product restrictions
CoGAP/cross compliance/NVZs/CFE
Safeguard zones
WaterCompanycatchmentschemes
Significant Water Management Issues
Addressing national scale issues in post 2015
Consultation: opportunity to raise issues
Inform evidence development
Conclusions
Upland condition not big reason for failure
Future deterioration unclear (incl peat)
Evidence about measures needed
Channel issues/evidence through SWMIand UHG
Improving the evidence base “learning from doing”