Upload
lthompson3
View
31
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
Theological stage All theoretical
conceptions bear a supernatural impress
Metaphysical Stage Behavior is governed
by biological instincts
Scientific Stage• Everything concludes
rationally
Harriet Martineau (1802-1876) Wrote Theory and
Practice of Society in America Describes our nations
physical and social aspects.
Wrote How to Observe Morals and Manners Discussed the
assumption of the inferiority of women.
Karl Marx (1818-1883) Theory of Historical
Materialism• Saw history as an
account of mans struggle to gain control of and later dominate his natural environment.
• Each economic system had its own fault lines of conflict.
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)
Wrote The Division of Labor in Society• Refers to the degree in
which jobs are specialized.
Wrote Suicide• Shows how this
individual act is derived by social forces.
Positivist Sociology• The social world can be
described and predicted by certain relationships.
Georg Simmel (1858-1918) Established formal
society• A sociology of pure
numbers Provided formal
definitions for small and large groups• Small Group
Face-to-face interactions• Party
Multifocal• Large Group
Formal structure that mediates interaction and status differentiation.
Jane Addams (1860-1935) Founded the first
American settlement house, Hull House.• An institution that
attempted to link the ideas of the Chicago university to the poor through a community center.
W.E.B. DuBois (1868-1963) The first African
American to receive a PhD from Harvard.
Developed the concept of double consciousness• A mechanism by
which African Americans constantly maintain two behavioral scripts.
George Herbert Mead (1863-1931)
Developed a theory about how the social self develops over the course of childhood• Infants know only the
“I” but through social interaction they learn about the “me.”
Generalized Self• Allows them to apply
norms and behaviors in specific situations.
Max Weber (1864-1920) Wrote Economy and
Society• Presented theories of
authority, rationality, and the government
Presented the concept of Verstehen• Study how social actors
understand their actions and the social world through experience.
Interpretive Sociology• The study of social meaning.
Charles Horton Cooley (1864-1929)
The looking glass self• The self emerges from
out ability to assume the point of view of others and how they see us.
Primary Groups• Family and friends
Secondary Groups• Work and School
Other Groups• In-Groups, Out-Groups,
Reference Groups.
Microsociology Seeks to
understand local interactional contexts• Its methods of
choice are ethnographic, generally including participant observation and in-depth interviews.