IT Applications for the Abatement of Climate Change

Virtualization & Cloud Computing

-Aparna Bulusu, Faculty, Comp Science Dept.St. Ann’s College for Women

Hyderabad

Agenda

Impact of IT on Environment Data Centers – Reasons for expansion Energy Usage Of & Emissions from Data Centers Green Initiative 1 - Virtualization How Virtualization helps Green Initiative 2 - Cloud Computing Cloud computing for achieving a green data center Conclusion

Impact of IT on EnvironmentIf the Internet was a country it would be the 5th biggest energy consumer in the world IT industry’s global carbon footprint – 2% (Equivalent to the airline industry)The upside – Greening WITH ITThe Downside – ICT related emissions are on the rise Greening OF IT

Data Centers

Data Center: A Server Farm that houses computer systems and associated communication & network infrastructure and storage systems.

Types range from a Tier -1 data center – Simple server room with around 96.5% availability

Tier 4 – Hosts mission critical applications with fully redundant sub-systems and compartmentalized security systems. Availability at 99.995%

Rigorously controlled temperature, humidity levels coupled with uninterrupted power supply.

Microsoft Chicago Data Center in Northlake, Illinois - 40-foot shipping containers filled with up to 2,000 servers. The first phase can hold up to 56 containers, and a second phase (currently shell space) offers identical capacity, giving the Chicago facility a total capacity of 112 containers holding 224,000 servers.

Some disturbing facts..

Power usage – 100 times that of an conventional office building

Over 10% of TCO is spent on power needsData Center power consumption has doubled from 2000-

2006,will double once again by 201215% of all servers run 24/7 but don’t do anythingSwitching them off can realize global savings of $24.7 bnData Centers account for 14% of ICT footprintData center emissions will triple by 2020 (Gartner

Research)

Global Investments on Data Centers

Energy Consumption Patterns of Data Centers

AIM: Reduce PUE from 2 to 1.7 ~ 1.4 (Power Usage Effectiveness : Total Power Consumed/ Power

used by ICT equipment)

Decrease in IT power load Automatic reduction in Cooling e.g. If computer load power requirements are reduced by 1.0 kilowatt (kW) - approximately 0.6 kW of air-conditioning power is saved.

PRIORITY: Reduce the baseline consumption of data centers

Power consumption trends will influence and determine future rate of emissions

Lesser / cleaner power consumed => Lower carbon footprint Can be Achieved by changes in Policy, Infrastructure

and/or Technology

Green Initiative 1 – Virtualization

Green Initiative 1 – Virtualization Virtualization : Creation of a virtual machine through use of an

additional layer of software called as ‘hypervisors’

Kinds of Virtualization: Based on Level of VirtualizationFull virtualization: Almost complete simulation of the actual hardware. Partial virtualization: Some but not all of them target environment is simulatedPara virtualization: A hardware environment is not simulated; however, the guest programs are executed in their own isolated domains, as if they are running on a separate system. The main operational difference between full virtualization and para virtualizarion is that in the former, the hypervisor mediates between the guests and the hardware, while in the latter the guest OS is modified to cooperate with the hypervisor and the access is shared

Virtualization Contd…

Server virtualization: Multiple virtual servers run on a single physical server to fully utilize the hardware resources of the physical server.Run multiple applications and operating systems independently on a single server. Move workloads easily from one virtual workspace to another.Configure and deploy new servers in a few minutes instead of hours. Reduce equipment and maximize server resources.

Desktop Virtualization

One server servicing many dumb terminals. One Centralized system managing user desktops, profiles , downloads and license.Manage one server, one license , one upgrade/downgrade, update one systemMaintenance and debugging: Only 1 computer needs to be fixed and only one specialist needs to be there who has a knowledge of all these applications.

How it works..

Install Virtualization softwareCreate Virtual Machine InstancesConfigure Master Virtual machine settings on host computer (including OS and applications)Rapidly deploy virtual machines by copying the master image to multiple Virtualization hostsAchieve Zero down-time and 100% server availability

Virtualization .. How it scales up

Application during normal usage (users and systems)

Application requiring additional resources due to an increase in users (load)

Additional virtual machines added on the fly to support increased usage

How Virtualization helps..Significant power savings can be gained by consolidating underutilized servers

For e.g. Consider consolidating four underutilized servers into one

A typical server power consumption at different loadsCPU clock speed idle load1 load2 load3 load4 2000MHz 283W 290W 297W 305W 311W 2333MHz 284W 296W 309W 317W 326W 2666MHz 285W 305W 324W 335W 347W 3000MHz 286W 313W 340W 354W 368W

Difference in power consumption between idle and max load is negligible.Direct and indirect cost savings Environmental benefits Reduced physical data center footprint

Average Cost Reductions that can be availed through Virtualization

80% less maintenance per year25% capital cost savings75% less to operate25% productivity IncreaseBOTTOM LINE – Dramatically Decreases The TCO by 50%

Summing it up - Virtualization Helps in ….

Cost Savings – Significant initial capital & ongoing operational TCO savings including extended life-cycle Enhanced Security & Compliance – By limiting data exposure & letting IT manage endpoint complianceReduced Licensing Costs – Use of virtual machines means significant reductions in licensing costs.Management Improvement – consolidation, maintenance, upgrades, disaster planning => fewer staffIT Enabler – Focus is Shifted – Graduate from managing computer systems to improving corporate services Reduced Energy Consumption – Thin-clients typically use anywhere from 75 – 90% less power.

Green Initiative 2 – Cloud Computing

What is the Cloud??On demand over the Internet Shared resources, software, and information are

provided to computers and other devicesPay-per-use/ Subscription basisDynamically scalable and virtualized resourcesSwitch from company-owned hardware and

software assets to per-use service-based models.

Saas ( Software as a Service)

Using a commercial vendor to develop the software, host its operation and provide Internet-based access and application support to customers. Rather than licensing, installing and maintaining software on clients’ computers or servers, vendors let users access the software via the Internet on pay-as-you-go basisApplications (word processor, CRM, etc.) or application services (schedule, calendar, etc.) execute in the “cloud” using the interconnectivity of the internet to propagate data

Benefits of SaasBenefit

Software hosted on third party premises rather than at the enterprise.Easy scalability as applications are accessed through web-based interfaces.Share costs by opting for multi-tenancySystematic support like maintenance/ debugging taken care of by the providers.Elimination of version compatibility, Reduced hardware footprint Common Saas Applications: Web Conferencing, e- commerce, payroll, CRM, ERP etc.Hugely Successful Saas Ventures: WebEx.com, SalesForce.com

• hardware f

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Applications are built in the “cloud” on the platform using a variety of technologiesSimplifies orchestration of cloud servicesDevelopment, testing, and production environments (servers, storage, bandwidth, etc.) are billed monthly like hostingPay-as-you-go modelEnvironments scale up & down at the click of a buttonConcerns include code & data privacy, security and scalability

Benefits of Paas

Pay-as-you-go for development, test, and production environmentsEnables developers to focus on application codeInstant global platformElimination of H/W dependencies and capacity concernsInherent scalabilitySimplified deployment model

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)Based on VirtualizationComputer resources (processors, memory, storage, bandwidth, etc.) are provided in an as-needed, pay-as-you-go modelAbility to scale up from a single server to entire data centersCreates new opportunities such as Cloud bursting: Shifting usage spike traffic to alternate resources Infrastructure scales up and down quickly to meet demandBuilt on a utility computing architecture to host a SOA application layer

Iaas – Case Study

CapGemini offers cloud computing services in collaboration with IBM Cloud Services.Using a combination of physical and cloud servers, Capgemini was able to show more than 33 percent savings on one client’s disaster recovery service while decreasing the recovery time objective (RTO) from 72 to just 24 hours. By providing self-service features that are built into the Cloud platform, application development time is reduced by as much as 50 percent.

Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)

Your application will be executed on a virtual computer (instance). You have the choice of virtual computer, where you can select a configuration of CPU, memory & storage that is optimal for your application. The whole cloud infrastructure viz. servers, routers, hardware based load-balancing, firewalls, storage & other network equipments are provided by the IaaS provider.

Benefits of cloud computing

Server Utilization – Cloud computing drives energy savings by improving server utilizationDatacenter Efficiency: Improves efficiency by reducing power consumption and better utilization of resourcesDynamic Provisioning: Cloud operators can quickly match server capacity to demand shifts. Cloud data centers can be located at sites with clean energy and favorable environments. Policy level changes are also easy to make and implement.

Microsoft case study- Tangible reduction in emissions from 30 to 90%

Cloud Computing Success Stories

GE - Global procurement hosting 500k suppliers and 100k users in six languages on SaaS platform to manage $55B/yr in spendBechtel - Reduced infrastructure cost by 30% in part by achieving 70% server utilizationWashington DC - Google Apps used by 38k employees reducing costs to $50/use per year for email, calendaring, documents, spreadsheets, wikis and instant messagingEli Lilly - Using Amazon Web Services can deploy a new server in 50 days and a 64-node Linux cluster in 5min vs 100daysNASDAQ - Using Amazon Storage to store 30-80GB/day of trading activity

Proper utilization of ICT ICT’s largest influence will be in enabling energy efficiencies in other sectors deliver carbon savings five times larger than the total emissions from the entire ICT sector in 2020.7.8 GtCO2e of emissions savings in 2020. Represents 15% of emissions in 2020 based on a BAU estimationICT-enabled energy efficiency translates into approximately ¤600 billion ($946.5 billion) of cost savings

Source: Smart 2020 report by the Climate Group on behalf of Global e-Sustainability Initiative & McKinsey Consultants

Improvements in the Office

• More efficient components: Micro-processors: Advances in chip design such as ‘multi-core’ processors can save 30-60% of the energy used by the processor if software is written to take advantage of this capacity.

• Power management: Low power mode which they can enter automatically after a period of user inactivity

• Laptop computers use as little as a third of the energy of a desktop.Similarly, flat screen monitors are much more efficient than old-fashioned cathode ray tubes.

• Use Thin clients• Multi-functional devices: Using printers that include scanning, copying and

fax functions are more efficient than running several separate devices.

Conclusion

The ICT industry can greatly reduce its emissions by relocating computing resources to zero-carbon data centers powered either by solar, wind, hydroelectric or geothermal sources..The virtualized environment increased server utilization from 10 to 60 percent per server, further reducing the need for additional physical servers Large, public cloud infrastructures are better positioned to help reduce the environmental impact of IT through efficiency and economies of scale.The global warming crisis requires radical changes in order to go away, and these changes need to come from the top.

Questions??

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