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From High Classical to Hellenistic: Highlights from the canon of Greek Art History. Continuing through Etruscan artwork.
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GREEK Art
T, R, 12-1:20PMProfessor Paige Prater
Place
900-600BCE The Geometric and The
Orientalizing 600-480BCE Archaic 480-323BCE Classical
450-400BCE High Classical 400-323BCE Late Classical
323-31/30BCE Hellenistic
Time Periods
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88gXWW3qN7o Classical Period (160 YEARS):
480BCE – Defeat of the Persians by the Athenians (Marathon) 323BCE – Death of Alexander the Great
HUMANISM, RATIONALISM, IDEALISM “MAN IS THE MEASURE OF ALL THINGS” “KNOW THYSELF” “NOTHING IN EXCESS”
Reason vs. Emotion! Polykleitos, The Canon (450 BCE)
Early Classical 480-450BCE
Review of Architectural Terms
Domination of Sparta
(Peloponnesus/mainland Greece) and Athens (Aegean/maritime empire) 462-429BCE – Pericles: haughty/patron of the
arts in Athens Rebuild the Acropolis : 22,000 TONS of marble
from 10mi away, (completed end of 5th century, BCE)
High Classical
http://dma.ticketleap.com/late-nights--the-bod
y-beautiful-in-ancient-greece/
Late Night at DMA TOMORROW! $5 for special exhibit: Body Beautiful
6PM-11:59PM
Is it ever justifiable to take artwork out of it’s
original context? If so, under what circumstances? Why or why not? (Give three reasons.)
Class debate on the Elgin Marbles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKZ_ilKcsE
M
The Elgin Marbles: “Elginism”
Leo Caillard “Hipster in Stone”
series (Photoshop)
http://www.leocaillard.com/
Spartans defeat Athens in 404 BCE/ rebellion in
a year 387 BCE – Plato founds a school outside Athens 338 BCE – Phillip II of Macedonia defeated
Athens; two years later, his 20 year old son assumed the throne after his father’s assassination: Alexander the Great (studied under Aristotle.)
Tholos (circular) and monumental tombs Orthogonal/grid plans for cities (i.e. in Miletos)
Late Classical
Hermes & the Infant Dionysos by
Praxiteles (copy of 4th century original)
Smaller head Sensual body S curve Contrasting textures Relationship between
gods (Hermes/Dionysos)
Sense of emotion
Praxiteles First nude woman
sculpture Preparing for bath Gesture of modesty Hint of athletic strength Bend of knee inward At least 50 copies exist
today Read description in book*
Aphrodite of Knidos (c. 350 BCE)
The Scraper, Lysippos (350-325BCE)
Lysippos: self-taught/”nature”
Nude athlete after his workout
Young man removing dirt/oil from
body with scraping tool (strigil)
Legs in wider stance Dreamy look, tousled hair Weight evenly distributed Breaks out into negative
space Longer body
Alexander the Great Confronts Darius III at the Battle of Issos, 310BCE, floor mosaic, Pompeii
323 BCE – Alexander the Great dies; NO
replacement 3 Generals, new kingdoms: Antigonus
(Macedonia/Mainland Greece), Ptolemy(Egypt), and Seleucas (Asia Minor)—eventually subsumed into ROMAN Empire…
Alexandria, Egypt – Hellenistic cultural center Lighthouse (7 Wonders of the Ancient World) Library (700,000 papyrus and parchment scrolls!)
30BCE – Death of Cleopatra = end of Hellenistic period
Hellenistic (323-30BCE)
520-510BCE Doric (foundation); 175BCE
begun; 132CE finished CORINTHIAN CAPITALS!
Temple of Zeus, Athens
Theater at Epidauros
• Semicircle• Elevated Hill• Festival, Dionysos• Tragedies• Orchestra• Altar to Dionysos• 12,000 spectators;
55 rows of seats• Two tiered structure: Skene, Prosceniumhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQOPFxuiaWQ
Dying Gallic Trumpeter (220BCE)
Dying Warrior (500-490 BCE) Sculpture from left corner of east
pediment of Temple of Aphaia, Aegina.
Pergamon Altar (175-
150BCE)Ionic colonnadeMonumental staircase 68 x 307 ft high sculptural friezeGods & Giants battleForms extend onto steps into viewer’s space
Discovered in 1863 by French
explorer
Nike (Victory) of Samothrace (c. 180?BCE)
Pergamon in Seleucid kingdom
Roman copy? 8’ Priest Laocoon
warns Trojans Greek gods send
sea serpents
Laocoon and His Sons (1st century CE)
I was excited! (June 2013)
Old Woman (1st Century CE)
Ordinary individual
Woman on way to agora
Theory: follower of Dionysos
Emphasis on rendering of textures
Aphrodite of Melos(a.k.aVenus de Milo) (150-100BCE)
vs
She-Wolf,
500BCE (Etruscan);
15-16th century, twins added
33 ½”
Etruscan Art
6-7th centuriesBCE North & central Italy Fertile soil Abundance of ore Loose federation of a dozen cities Post & lintel Grid city (on compass)/business district House with atrium
Etruscans
Porta Augusta (2-3rd Century BCE)
Perugia, Italy
Model of Etruscan Temple (Vitruvius described)
Used more by Etruscans and Romans
Arch, Vault, & Dome
Apollo, Temple of Minerva (510-
500BCE)
Sarcophagus from Cerveteri (520BCE)
Burial Chamber, Tomb of the Reliefs (3rd
C BCE)