Greece Vocabulary #1

Minoans- 1st Greeks, lived on Crete, trade economy & wrote in Linear BKing Minos-King of MinoansHad a palace at Knossos

• Colonies-Greece creates colonies because of a lack of fertile land

• Frescoes-paintings on wet plaster• Knossos Palace-built on a hill, hadrunning water, on island of Crete• Bull Jumping-Athletic/Religious ritual of

Minoan Men

• Mycenaeans-main land Greece, warlike people, tribe-chief : clan-warrior

• Balkan Peninsula-Greece resides on Balkan Peninsula – includes Peloponnesus

• Peloponnesus Peninsula-hand like, lower part of Greece – a Spartan Polis

• Polis-city-state, fort+city+lands+small farms surrounding it

• Agora – market &meeting place• Acropolis-hill on Greek polis. Fort+Temples at top

• Terracing-cutting layers into hills to create farmland

• Monarchy-ruled by one leader like a king or queen• Aristocracy-ruled by “the best” or nobles• Oligarchy-ruled by the few• Tyranny-ruled by a leader who illegally takes

power• Democracy-ruled by the people

Athens stages = MAOTD

• Draco-harsh laws Solon-no slavery for debt, “Draconian Laws” -jury of peers

• Cleisthenes-reforms Athens to gain more power-made Athens more democratic• Helots-peasants/slaves in Sparta-forced to Stay on land and work• Hoplites-standing armies that could affordtheir own weapons, foot soldier

• Myths-stories w/gods to help explain nature, human condition, unexplained

• Oracles-ways in which gods converse with humans

• Zeus- King of the gods-father• Hera-Queen of the gods-mother

• Athena-goddess of war – Athens• Artemis-goddess of hunting, moon

• Apollo-god of music, poetry and light• Aphrodite-goddess of love

• Homer-blind poet, 700s bce, 2 epics Iliad & Odyssey• Iliad-Trojan war horse – Myceneans vs. Trojans• Odyssey-Adventure of Odysseus to get home to wife• Persian Wars – Persians vs. (Athens & Sparta)-Greeks

win• Phalanx-Soldiers standing side by side w/ spear & shield

– most powerful fighting formation in Ancient wars• Battle of Marathon-Greeks vs. Persians, Greeks win

battle, Pheidippides runs 26 mi. from Marathon to Athens to tell news, Greece victorious – defend Athens: this battle gives Greeks hope of beating Persians

• Battle of Thermopylae-300 Spartans vs. Persians• Battle of Salamis-Persian ships had difficulty in the

straits – Greeks defend the strait w/ships with battering rams-Greeks attacked and sank 1/3 Persian ships

• Peloponnesian War-Sparta vs. Athens – Sparta wins• Delian League-Created by Athens - small city-states• Peloponnesian League-Sparta leads w/ small city states• Pericles-great leader of Athens during Golden Age-died

of the plague in Athens during the Peloponnesian War• Golden Age – Great time of achievement & prosperity-Arts &

Science

Greece Vocab #2Columns

• Doric Ionic Corinthian

• Parthenon-temple built on acropolis to honor Athena-built by Pericles w/Delian league $

• Phidias-sculptor - built statue of Athena, Zeus @temple of Olympia

Philosophy • Socrates-Socratic method-question everything-do what is right and consequences

shouldn’t matter, put to death for corrupting youth & going against gods, drinking Hemlock

• Plato-(student of Socrates) wrote down his teachings The Republic-describes a perfect society, founds the Acadamy

• Aristotle-taught Alexander the Great, wrote Ethics & Poetics, starts his own school in Athens, categorizes things in science

Science• Archimedes-Calculate Pi, Water Screw (pump)

used in irrigation, compound pulley• Hippocrates-Father of Medical Science –

Hippocratic Oath-rules and practices doctors should follow

Math• Pathagoras - Pathagorean Theroum A2+B2=C2• Euclid-Father of Geometry, Elements-earliest

known discussion of geometry

History

• Herodotus – Father of History, traveled and wrote first hand accounts Primary vs. Secondary

• Thucydides – writes “History of Peloponnesian War”-believes in circular history

Drama• Aeschyclus-Tragedies (80+ plays) Oresteia-

about Agamemnon’s family during Trojan war• Sophocles – Oedipus Rex (the King) – tragedy

Considered the most influential writers in Greece.

• Euripides tragedy – writes Trojan Women about heroes in a realistic way; shows ugly side of war.

Medea about revenge

• Phillip II of Macedon-held captive in Thebes, goes back home. Takes over Greece except Sparta.

• Alexander the Great – Phillip’s son – takes over & increases empire to Indus River – spreads Hellenism

• Hellenism- Greek + Asian culture – spread throughout Alexander’s Empire