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Spanish 3 Grammar BookZachary Hoggs
Table of Contents1. Present Tense2. Stem Changers3. Irregular YO verbs4. Saber vs. conocer5. Reflexive verbs6. "Se" impersonal7. Verbs like gusta(an)8. Dipthongs9. Irregular verbs (ger/gir, uir/guir, cer/cir)10. Hacer expressions (Hace+ __________+Que+_____)11. Imperfect 12. Preterite Tense13. Car/Gar/Zar14. Cucaracha Verbs15. Snake/Snakey16. Comparatives/Superlatives17. Future
Present Tense-ar -er ir
Yo O O O
Tú -as -es -es
Él/Ella/Usted -a -e -e
Nosotros/as -amos -emos -imos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes
-an -en -en
Hablar:HabloHablasHablaHablamosHablan
Ver:VeoVesVeVemosVen
Vivir:VivoVivesViveVivimosViven
Stem Changers Verbs that have a spelling change when
conjugated in all forms except nosotros, and vosotros.
e -> ie (Querer) e -> i (Pedir) o -> ue (Dormir) u -> ue (Jugar)
Irregular VerbsIrregular verbs in the present tense. Go Verbs
Verbs that have a –go ending in the “yo” form. Hacer -> hago Poner -> Pongo Tener -> Tengo
Zco Verbs Verbs that add a “Z” berfor the “C” in the “yo” form.
Producir -> Produzco Traducir -> traduzco Introducir -> Introduzco
Sober V.S Conocer Saber:
Use saber to express knowledge, or lack of knowledge, of information, or the performance of a skill. No sé donde está Sé cocinar como un chef. Sé todo el alfabeto en español.
Conocer: Use to express familiarity with a person, place,
or thing. Conoces a mi hermana?
Reflexives In a reflexive sentence the subject is the same
as the object. Reflexive verbs are followed by a reflexive
pronoun.Subject Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun Example
Yo Me Me peino el pelo
Tú Te Te peinas el pelo.
Él/Ella/Usted Se Ella se peina el pelo.
Nosotros/as Nos Nos peinamos el pelo.
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes Se Ellos se peinan el pelo.
“Se” Impersonal Verbs that are not directed towards a
specific person, place, or thing.
Dipthongs Some verbs require an accent to place stress on
proper syllables for correct pronunciation. A dipthong is a weak vowel(I,y,u) and a strong vowel(a,e,o) or two weak vowels coming together to form one syllable. An accent is placed on the weak vowel.
Esquiar-”To ski” Esquío Esquías Esquíos Esquiamos esquían
Ger/Gir Verbs In the present tense, verbs that end
with -ger or –gir changes the g to a j in the yo form
Coger Cojo Coges Coge Cogemos Cogen
Exigir Exijo Exiges Exige Exigimos Exigen
Imperfecto Used to explain what continuously happened, to
describe people or places, explain a feeling, tell the time of day, to tell what an action was interrupted by, or to describe a setting in the past.
-ar -er/-ir
Yo -aba -ía
Tú -abas -ías
Él/Ella/Usted
-aba -ía
Nosotros/as -abamos --íasmos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes
-aban --ían
Hace+ ____ + Que+ ____ Shows length of time in which the action
has taken place. Hace+ (time) + que + (Present tense form
of verb)
Preterite Past tense Known beginning, and ending “Snapshot” of time
Trigger words for Preterite Ayer Anoche Anteayer La semana pasada…..
Preterite endings E I Aste Iste O io Amos imos Aron Ieron
Irregulares EN YO: Car - que Gar - gue Zar - ce
Spock: Irregular Hacer
Ir Ser
Dar Ver
Cucaracha Andar-anduve Estar-estuve Pder-pude Poner-puse Querrer-quise Saber-supe Tener-tuve Venir-vine Conducir-conduje Producir-produje Traducir-traduje Trajer-traje Decir-dice
Snake/ Snakey Stem Changers(3rd person)
Dormir -> Duermo Y Changers
Leer:lei leimosleisteleyo leyeron
Comparatives/Superlatives Mas/Menos +_________+ que
More/less than
Tan+ ______ + como As ____ as
• Tantos+ _______ (noun) + como
El Futuro Infinitive + e As A Emos An
Ir + a + infinitive = Immediate future