Going through life span Going

through human life

span Sarah Alsalem Rawan Alnabit

Fertilized egg

Embryo (4 weeks)foetus(10)weeks

foetus(16) weeks foetus (20) weeks

How it begins

Pregnancy development

Fertilization

-Fertilization - the joining of the father's sperm and the mother's egg - this is when life begins.

Fertilization can occur within minutes of intercourse or within two to three days afterwards. When fertilization occurs a new, unique human individual begins the journey of development.

Month 1Germinal period (first 2 weeks after fertilization): the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant the lining

Embryonic period (from 2-8 weeks after fertilization): the major organ and structures of the organism develop.

Fetal period (from 8 weeks-until birth): development of Fetus.

By the end of the first month, you may have only just found out you're pregnant. At this time, the baby is a small blob of cells nestled against the wall of the uterus. Some cells grow into the baby, others become the placenta.

Length: almost 1 centimetre

Development: The heart, lungs, brain, spinal cord, arms and legs have started developing.

Month 2The lining of the placenta begins to develop but does not take over the production of hormones until about week 12. Brain waves are detected.

Genitals are present but you can't distinguish boys from girls at this point. The pumping action of the baby's heart is about 20% of the mother own heart's capacity.

Two months (8 weeks). By the end of the second month, the baby's heart is already beating.

Length: 2 centimetres

Weight: 1 gram

Development: Bones, ankles, wrists, fingers, toes, eyes, eyelids and genitals have started forming.

Month 3Three months (12 weeks). By the end of the third month, the baby's face looks human. The baby can move, although you cannot feel this yet.

Length: 7-8 centimetres

Weight: about 14 grams

Development: All major organs and body systems, including bones, muscles and intestines, have started developing. The baby has distinct fingers, soft fingernails, and teeth buds.

Month 4Four months (16 weeks). By the end of the fourth month, the placenta is fully formed and the baby can swallow, hear, bend their arms and legs, and is producing urine. This is generally the earliest time you may feel the baby move. Length: about 13 centimetres

Weight: about 140 grams

Development: The baby's skin is wrinkled, and covered with a waxy coating called vernix and fine hair called lanugo. Eyebrows, eyelashes, fingernails and external sex organs have formed.

Month 5Five months (20 weeks). By the end of the fifth month, the baby can suck their thumb and has regular periods of sleep. By now, most women can feel the baby move.

Length: about 25 centimetres

Weight: about 300 grams

Development: Ovaries have developed eggs, and testicles have started moving into the scrotum. Fingernails reach the fingertips.

Month 6Six months (24 weeks). By the end of the sixth month, the baby is more active. All women should feel the baby move by now. Baby responds to sounds by moving or increasing the pulse. Mothers may notice jerking motions if baby hiccups.

Length: about 30 centimetres

Weight: about 450-650 grams

Development: Hair has started growing; finger and toe prints are visible; lungs are fully formed.

Month 7Seven months (28 weeks). By the end of the seventh month, the baby is very active; kicks and stretches will be quite noticeable and occasionally painful. The baby may survive if born now, although long-term special care is necessary.

Length: about 35 centimetres

Weight: about 900-1150 grams

Development: Eyes can open and close. The baby can respond to sound, and hands make grasping motions. Fine body hair (lanugo) has begun to disappear.

Month 8Eight months (32 weeks). By the end of the eighth month, all major development is complete and the baby has almost doubled in weight from the previous month. The baby may be head down, but can still turn a lot. The baby has a very good chance of survival if born now, although special care may be necessary.

Length: about 45 centimetres

Weight: about 2 kilograms

Development: Bones harden, but the skull remains soft and flexible. The brain continues developing. Taste buds develop and the baby can hiccup.

Month 9Nine months (37 weeks). By this time the baby is considered 'term' and can safely be born. The estimated due date refers to 40 weeks gestation. Normal single pregnancies can go to as long as 42 weeks depending on the health of the mother and baby. However, there will usually need to be additional testing of the baby's wellbeing from around 41 weeks gestation.

During the ninth month the baby gains about 250 grams a week. Movements become more painful, especially under the ribs or deep in the pelvis. The baby turns head-down in most women and the head may descend into the pelvis ready for birth.

Length: about 50 centimetres

Weight: 2.5-4.0 kilograms

Development: The lungs have matured and the baby is ready for birth.

The baby now is born!.

Newborn to 3 Months:

Emotional developments: 1-Be responsive to your own mood (i.e. irritable when you’re irritable).2-Cry frequently.3-Begin to learn how to calm themselves (say, by sucking on their own hands).

Physical developments:1-Confidently suck from a breast or bottle.2-Keep their hands closed in fists3-Attempt to lift their heads when lying on their stomachs.

Cognitive developments:1-Focus their eyes on objects up to a foot away.2-Closely examine complex and colorful designs, shapes, and colors

3-6 monthsEmotional developments:

1-the baby would start reading facial expressions.2-Cry when upset and seek comfort.3-Notice a difference between two people based on the way they look, sound, or feel.

Physical developments:

1-Show excitement by waving arms and legs.2-Laugh aloud.

Cognitive developments:

1-Recognize faces.2-Pay attention to her own name.

6-9 MonthsEmotional developments:

1-Express several different clear emotions.

2-Show displeasure at the loss of a toy.

Physical developments:

1-Sit steadily without help for longer periods.

2-Respond to you when you talk to her or make gestures.

3-Throw objects.

Cognitive development:

1-Use problem solving skills.

2-Show more comfort around familiar people, and anxiety around strangers.

Nine monthsEmotional developments:

1-Show happiness to see her parents’ face, her toys, or a mirror.

2-Have fear with new situations.

Physical developments:

1-Moving from the stomach to a seated position

2-Walking

Cognitive developments:

1- may be willing to sit for as long as fifteen minutes with a particularly interesting plaything.

2-the concept of object permanence. At eight months, when you hide a toy under a scarf, he’ll pick up the scarf and search for the toy underneath.

1-2 years toddlersDevelopmental Milestones

Developmental milestones are the skills such as taking a first step, smiling for the first time, and waving "bye-bye"

During the second year, toddlers are moving around more, and are aware of themselves and their surroundings.

Their desire to explore new objects and people also is increasing.

During this stage, toddlers will show greater independence; begin to show defiant behavior; recognize themselves in pictures or a mirror; and imitate the behavior of others, especially adults and older children.

Toddlers also should be able to recognize the names of familiar people and objects, form simple phrases and sentences, and follow simple instructions and directions.

Toddlers (2-3 years of age)Developmental Milestones

Skills: Taking turns, playing make believe, and kicking a ball.Because of children’s growing desire to be independent, this stage is often

called the "terrible twos." An exciting time for parents and toddlers. Toddlers will experience huge thinking, learning, social, and emotional

changes that will help them to explore their new world, and make sense of it.

During this stage, toddlers should be able to follow two- or three-step directions, sort objects by shape and color, imitate the actions of adults and playmates, and express a wide range of emotions.

Preschoolers (3-5 years of age)Developmental Milestones

Skills: naming colors, showing affection, and hopping on one foot.

As children grow into early childhood, their world will begin to open up.

They will become more independent and begin to focus more on adults and children outside of the family.

They will want to explore and ask about the things around them even more. Their interactions with family and those around them will help to shape their personality and their own ways of thinking and moving.

During this stage, children should be able to ride a tricycle, use safety scissors, notice a difference between girls and boys, help to dress and undress themselves, play with other children, recall part of a story, and sing a song.

Middle Childhood (6-8 years of age)Developmental MilestonesHaving independence from and friendships become more and more important. Physical, social, and mental skills develop quickly at this time. This is a critical time for children to develop confidence in all areas of life, such as through friends, schoolwork, and sports

Emotional/Social Changes: Children in this age group might:Show more independence from parents and family.Start to think about the future.Understand more about his or her place in the world.Pay more attention to friendships and teamwork.Want to be liked and accepted by friends.

Thinking and Learning: Children in this age group might:Show rapid development of mental skills.Learn better ways to describe experiences and talk about thoughts and feelings.Have less focus on one’s self and more concern for others.

Middle Childhood (9-11 years of age)Emotional/Social ChangesChildren in this age group might:

Start to form stronger, more complex friendships and peer relationships. It becomes more emotionally important to have friends, especially of the same sex.

Experience more peer pressure.Become more aware of his or her body as puberty approaches. Body image

and eating problems sometimes start around this age.

Thinking and LearningChildren in this age group might:Face more academic challenges at school.Become more independent from the family.Begin to see the point of view of others more clearly.Have an increased attention span.

Young Teens (12-14 years of age)Emotional/Social Changes:

Show more concern about body image, looks, and clothes.Focus on themselves; going back and forth between high expectations and

lack of confidence.Experience more moodiness.Show more interest in and influence by peer group.Express less affection toward parents; sometimes might seem rude or

short-tempered. Feel stress from more challenging school work.Develop eating problems.Feel a lot of sadness or depression, which can lead to poor grades at

school, alcohol or drug use, unsafe sex, and other problems.

Thinking and Learning:

Have more ability for complex thought.Be better able to express feelings through talking.Develop a stronger sense of right and wrong.

TeenagersDevelopmental Milestones

Most girls will be physically mature by now, and most will have completed puberty. Boys might still be maturing physically during this time. They might have concerns about her body size, shape, or weight. Eating disorders also can be

common, especially among girls. During teens are developing unique personalities and opinions. Relationships with friends are still important.

Emotional/Social Changes: Have more interest in the opposite sex.Go through less conflict with parents.Show more independence from parents.Have a deeper capacity for caring and sharing and for developing more intimate relationships.Spend less time with parents and more time with friends.Feel a lot of sadness or depression, which can lead to poor grades at school, alcohol or drug use,

unsafe sex, and other problems.

Thinking and LearningLearn more defined work habits.Show more concern about future school and work plans.Be better able to give reasons for their own choices, including about what is right or wrong.

Early adulthoodAge: 20 - early 40s.

1-Complete the process of physical maturation.

2-physical abilities are at their peak, including muscle strength, reaction time, sensory abilities, and cardiac functioning.

3-Move into adult roles and responsibilities and may learn a trade, work, and/or pursue higher education.

4-Fully understand abstract concepts and be aware of consequences and personal limitations.

5- individual are concerned with developing the ability to share intimacy, seeking to form relationships and find intimate love.

Middle adulthoodAge: 40-65

1-Aging speeds up during middle adulthood.

2-characterized by decline in vision, hearing, and immune-system functioning, as well as the end of reproductive capability for women, known as menopause.

3-Middle-aged adults often become more appreciative of their own parents, and their relationships improve. Adults that have to take care of their ill or frail parents are referred to as the "sandwich generation."

4-Sibling bonds strengthen, while friendships are fewer and more deeply valued.5-Middle age is a time for taking stock and making decisions about the remaining years.

Late adulthoodAge: over 65.

1-people often notice changes in their cognition, or thinking processes

2-Changes in body systems and organs with age are highly variable and may be results of disease, which in turn may be affected by lifestyle.

3-Alzheimer's disease becomes more prevalent with age.

4-Although the ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) generally declines with age, ability to solve interpersonal or emotionally charged problems does not.

References(1)

1. http://www.abc.net.au/health/library/stories/2008/03/13/2181149.htm

2. http://www.webmd.com/baby/ss/slideshow-fetal-development

3. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/adolescence2.html

4. http://www.abc.net.au/health/library/stories/2008/03/13/2181149.htm

5. http://wrtl.org/fetal-development/babys-development-month-by-month/

6. http://www.babycentre.co.uk/a1047257/understanding-your-babys-cognitive-development

7. http://www.bundoo.com/articles/milestones-cognitive-development-newborn-to-1-month/

8. https://www.healthyfamiliesbc.ca/home/articles/babies-physical-development-6-9-months

9. http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/psychology/psychology/developmental-psychology-age-13-to-65/development-in-early--middle-adulthood

10. http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/157-parents.

References(2)

1. https://www.verywell.com/child-development-months-9-12-284364

2. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Cognitive-Development-8-to-12-Months.aspx

3. https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/human-development-14/early-and-middle-adulthood-74/physical-development-in-adulthood-287-12822/

4. http://study.com/academy/lesson/cognitive-development-in-late-adulthood.html

5. http://www.geocities.ws/courtneynow/middlesocial

6. http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0073133809/student_view0/chapter15/index.html

7. http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0073133809/student_view0/chapter17/index.html