Goal 2 02 student note handouts 2

A. The Discovery of the Microscope lead to the discovery of the cell and the cell theory, Why? ___________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B. The cell Theory: after numerous observations it was evident that ______________________________________________________1. All __________________________________________________________2. Cells are the __________________________________________________3. New cells ____________________________________________________

C. Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes : _______________________________________1. Prokaryotes: _________________________________________________ _______. Example: ___________

a) Usually ______________________________________2. Eukaryote: ____________________________________________________________

________________________________________. Examples: ____________________a) Can be _____________________

Introduction to Cells

Prokaryote VS. Eukaryote

Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells

Centrioles

NucleolusNucleus

Nuclearenvelope

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Smooth endoplasmicreticulum

Mitochondrion

CellMembrane

Ribosome(free)

Ribosome(attached)Peptidoglycan

Cell wall

Cell membrane

Ribosome

Flagellum DNA PiliGoal 2.02 Structure and Function of Cells

Goal 2.02 Structure and Function of Cells

Cell membraneEukaryotic Cell

A. Nucleus: ________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

B. Cytoplasm: _____________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

C. Organelles:(little organs):___________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Animal Cell Structures

Centrioles

Nucleolus

Nuclearenvelope


Golgi apparatus


Plant Cell Structure

Nuclearenvelope



NucleolusGolgi apparatus


A. Uses _____________________________________________________________________

B. Usually ___________________________________________________________________

C. Only found in ______________________________________________________________

D. The _____________________________ _________________________________________

Nucleus -_____________________ Cell Protein Synthesis

Ribosomes - ____________________________________

A. Can be attached to the _________________________________________________________________________________________

B. Function- the free floating ribosomes take instructions from ________________________________________________________

where the Ribosomes on the Rough E.R. ________________________________________________________________________

1. Cells in the pancreas ______________________________ ______________________________________________________

C. Found in ________________________________________, ___________________________________________________________

D. Structure – Ribosomes _________________________________________________________________________________________

Make

HemoglobinGoal 2.02 Structure and Function of Cells

Mitochondrion – ____________________

A. “_____________________________________” of the cell

1. Uses _____________________________ _____________________________________

2. More active cells like ______________________________________________________

B. Both ________________________________

1. Site of ___________________________ (burning glucose)

C. Folded inner membrane called ___________ ____________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

ATP

+

Cell Energy

Goal 2.02 Structure and Function of Cellso2

CO2

H2O

Chloroplasts – _______________________

A. Use __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Light Energy ________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

B. ________________________________________, they are filled with chlorophyll, this is what makes them look ____________________

1. Site of _______________________________________________(___________________________________)

C. Thylakoid stacks (______________________), ______________________ _________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

D. Stroma: ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

1. Fluid contains ____________________________________________________________________________________________

Cell Homeostasis Vacuole– _________________

A. Fluid filled sac for ____________________________________________________________________________________________

B. Found only in ________________________________________________________________________________

1. ______________________________________________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________, this helps to give a plant __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

C. Vacuoles helps maintain (______________________________) a stable _________________________________________________

D. Some aquatic animal cells have __________________________________________________________________________________

Plant CellParameciumKingdom Protista

Cell (Plasma) Membrane – ____________________ __________________________________________________

Outside of cell

Inside of cell (cytoplasm)

A. Cell Membrane: a __________________________________composed of a double layered sheet called a _______________________

which provides __________________________________________________________________________________________

B. Found in ______________________________________________________________________________________________

C. Composition (made up of):

1. Lipid Bilayer: ______________________________________________

2. Proteins Channels: __________________________________________ ___________________________________________

3. Receptor Proteins: Have carbohydrate chains _______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Proteins


Function of Cell Organelles

Organelle Function

Animal Cells Plant Cells

Endoplasmic reticulumGolgi apparatus

Lysosomes

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes


A. Chemical _________________________________________________________________________________________

1. A _________________________________________________________________________________________

2. The nerve cell releases __________________________(___________________________________) from the cell

3. The _______________________________that will fit into a _____________________on the muscle cell that has

the __________________

4. The ________________________________________________________________________________________

Cell Communication

Nerve Cell

ACH Muscle Cell Membrane

Cell Communication-____________________________________________

Glucose

GlucoseGlucoseGlucose


small

subunit

largesubunit

CO2

H2O

Proteinchannel

Lipid bilayer

The Pancreas is signaled to make insulin

Receptor Proteins in the liver are signaled by the Glucagon to start breaking glycogen down into glucose

The body uses glucose to make ATP and power cells. The more active you are the more glucose your body needs

Cells in the body are signaled to take up glucose

The liver is signaled to store any extra glucose as Glycogen

After you eat a meal, Blood Sugar is ↑ When blood sugar gets to ↓ the brain sends the pancreas a signal to make

Glucagon(protein) This causes the blood glucose to

rise, or if you haven’t ate in a while and there is no more glycogen to

break down you start to feel hungry

Education

Goal 2 02 student note handouts 2