The Federalists Era:The Federalists Era:The Creation of The Creation of Political PartiesPolitical Parties

Washington as a TrendsetterWashington as a Trendsetter►As the first president Washington As the first president Washington

set many precedents (setting set many precedents (setting trends that other presidents trends that other presidents follow)follow)

►Examples are:Examples are: A cabinet (people that advise the A cabinet (people that advise the

president like Jefferson and president like Jefferson and Hamilton)Hamilton)

Being a war heroBeing a war hero Leaving after two terms in officeLeaving after two terms in office Neutrality in foreign affairsNeutrality in foreign affairs

George Washington takes the Oath of Office (Inauguration).mp4

Judiciary Act of 1789Judiciary Act of 1789

►Set up the judicial Set up the judicial branch, the branch, the Supreme Court Supreme Court and other federal and other federal courtscourts

► Congress Congress established:established: 13 districts, one for 13 districts, one for

each stateeach state 3 courts of appeal3 courts of appeal Supreme Court (6 Supreme Court (6

members)members) John Jay first chief John Jay first chief

justicejustice

John Jay

Hamilton’s Economic PlanHamilton’s Economic Plan► government needed to government needed to

borrow money by issuing borrow money by issuing bonds to citizensbonds to citizens

► accept all the debts of the accept all the debts of the Cont CongressCont Congress

► reasonable debt was a reasonable debt was a blessingblessing

► Forget agriculture and Forget agriculture and adopt industryadopt industry

► Set up tariffs to protect Set up tariffs to protect American manufacturers American manufacturers

► Charter a Bank of the Charter a Bank of the United States…the biggie United States…the biggie that caused all the dramathat caused all the drama

Hamilton was on Washington’s Cabinet as the Secretary of Treasury

so he knew all about economics!

Loose vs. Strict InterpretationLoose vs. Strict Interpretation►Must be considered when talk of the US Must be considered when talk of the US

Bank starts because the bank may be Bank starts because the bank may be unconstitutionalunconstitutional

►Strict:Strict: government only has powers that government only has powers that are listed in Constitutionare listed in Constitution JeffersonJefferson Constitution says nothing of a Bank of Constitution says nothing of a Bank of

US…so they can’t create itUS…so they can’t create it

►Loose:Loose: interpret Constitution broadly interpret Constitution broadly relying on “implied powers”…justifies the relying on “implied powers”…justifies the creation of the bankcreation of the bank Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton

Whiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion►Excise Tax Excise Tax on on

whiskey upset farmers whiskey upset farmers who used whiskey to who used whiskey to pay for thingspay for things

► Farmers terrorized tax Farmers terrorized tax collectorscollectors

► Washington sent Washington sent federal troops to stop federal troops to stop rebellionrebellion

► proved that a strong proved that a strong gov’t was necessarygov’t was necessary

The Federalists:The Federalists:Hamilton and AdamsHamilton and Adams

►Wanted a strong national governmentWanted a strong national government►putting the government in the hands putting the government in the hands

of the “rich, well born and able”(elite)of the “rich, well born and able”(elite)►Manufacturing and trade (industry) Manufacturing and trade (industry)

were the basis of national wealth and were the basis of national wealth and powerpower

►artisans, merchants, manufacturers, artisans, merchants, manufacturers, bankers, urban workers and eastern bankers, urban workers and eastern farmersfarmers

►NortheastNortheast►Pro-BritishPro-British

The Democratic-Republicans: The Democratic-Republicans: Jefferson and MadisonJefferson and Madison

► Also called Anti-Also called Anti-FederalistsFederalists

► Supported an Supported an agricultural economy agricultural economy (agrarian)(agrarian)

► rights of the states rights of the states against the power of against the power of the federal the federal governmentgovernment Supported the Bill Supported the Bill

of Rightsof Rights► South and WestSouth and West► Against the US bankAgainst the US bank► Pro-FrenchPro-French

Treaty of GreenvilleTreaty of Greenville► Indian tribes were uniting into a Indian tribes were uniting into a

confederacy under Little Turtle who confederacy under Little Turtle who fought to protect their land, armed by fought to protect their land, armed by the Britishthe British

►Little Turtle was defeated at the Little Turtle was defeated at the Battle of Fallen Timbers Battle of Fallen Timbers and he and he gives up all of Ohiogives up all of Ohio

►Common conflict between Indians and Common conflict between Indians and white settlers: landwhite settlers: land

►Common Result: Indians lose more of Common Result: Indians lose more of their landtheir land

Washington’s Foreign PolicyWashington’s Foreign Policy►Drama in France and Britain causes Washington Drama in France and Britain causes Washington

to have to make tough decisionsto have to make tough decisions Need to trade with both nations but don’t want to get Need to trade with both nations but don’t want to get

caught up in their messcaught up in their mess

► Finally, Washington issued neutrality Finally, Washington issued neutrality proclamation…used until 20proclamation…used until 20thth Century Century (precedent)(precedent) US was able to stay neutral because of US was able to stay neutral because of

our geographic isolation from Europe our geographic isolation from Europe (we are just far away from Europe)(we are just far away from Europe)

Jay’s TreatyJay’s Treaty

►Britain was intercepting neutral Britain was intercepting neutral shipsships

►John Jay sent to Britain to negotiateJohn Jay sent to Britain to negotiate►In the end, Britain had the right to In the end, Britain had the right to

seize cargo in route to Franceseize cargo in route to France►ratified by Congress, not supported ratified by Congress, not supported

by D-R by D-R ►prevented war with Britain…but prevented war with Britain…but

only temporarilyonly temporarily

Pinckney’s TreatyPinckney’s Treaty► Spain cut off Miss Spain cut off Miss

River at New Orleans River at New Orleans for USfor US

► Spain offered to Spain offered to negotiate with US, negotiate with US, Washington sent Washington sent Thomas PinckneyThomas Pinckney

►Granted America Granted America the right to the right to navigate the navigate the Mississippi River Mississippi River and use the port of and use the port of New Orleans and New Orleans and Spain gets northern Spain gets northern boundary of Floridaboundary of Florida

Washington’s Farewell Washington’s Farewell AddressAddress

►Washington chose not to run again Washington chose not to run again in 1796 setting a two-term in 1796 setting a two-term precedentprecedent

►When he left he warned America When he left he warned America againstagainst Political partiesPolitical parties Foreign alliancesForeign alliances Sectionalism…division between North Sectionalism…division between North

and Southand South

John Adams in OfficeJohn Adams in Office

►Was a Was a Federalists but Federalists but his VP was his VP was Jefferson (D-R)Jefferson (D-R)

►Had been Had been Washington’s Washington’s VPVP

►His paranoid His paranoid personality was personality was not suitable for not suitable for being presidentbeing president

The XYZ AffairThe XYZ Affair►France was seizing (taking) France was seizing (taking)

American ships headed toward American ships headed toward BritainBritain

►Adams sent Pinckney to negotiate, Adams sent Pinckney to negotiate, French sent X, Y, and ZFrench sent X, Y, and Z

►French were trying to get bribes French were trying to get bribes so negotiations stop and Adams so negotiations stop and Adams sets up navy to protect our shipssets up navy to protect our ships

►Turns America against the Turns America against the FrenchFrench

The XYZ Affair.mp4

The Alien and Sedition Acts, The Alien and Sedition Acts, 17981798

►Alien: the president Alien: the president could deport any could deport any immigrant who immigrant who criticized the criticized the governmentgovernment

►Sedition: publicly Sedition: publicly criticizing the criticizing the government was a government was a crime for citizenscrime for citizens

►Technically this Technically this violated the 1violated the 1stst AmendmentAmendment

The Virginia and Kentucky The Virginia and Kentucky Resolution, 1798Resolution, 1798

►Dem-Reps criticized the A & S Dem-Reps criticized the A & S Acts, said they were Acts, said they were unconstitutionalunconstitutional

►Virginia Resolution: state Virginia Resolution: state government can declare federal government can declare federal law unconstitutional law unconstitutional

►Kentucky Resolution: states had Kentucky Resolution: states had the right to the right to nullify (ignore) nullify (ignore) federal lawfederal law

►First time states try to First time states try to override the federal gov’t but override the federal gov’t but not the lastnot the last