Upload
rakhi-adarsh
View
23
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Respiration
• Process of respiration is split into four parts
• By breaking it into four parts we will have less to learn at any one stage
Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration!
Glycolysis splits one molecule of glucose into two smaller molecules of pyruvate
Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration!
Glycolysis splits one molecule of glucose into two smaller molecules of pyruvate
Glucose is a hexose (6-carbon) molecule
Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration!
Glycolysis splits one molecule of glucose into two smaller molecules of pyruvate
Glucose is a hexose (6-carbon) molecule
Pyruvate is a triose (3-carbon) molecule
Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration!
Glycolysis splits one molecule of glucose into two smaller molecules of pyruvate
Glucose is a hexose (6-carbon) molecule
Pyruvate is a triose (3-carbon) molecule
Pyruvate is also known as pyruvic acid
• It’s the first stage of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
•It doesn’t need oxygen to take place – so it’s anaerobic
• It’s the first stage of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
•It doesn’t need oxygen to take place – so it’s anaerobic
Glycolysis
1
2
A
B
These arrows in diagrams just mean that A goes into the main reaction and is
converted to B.
A will normally release or collect something from
molecule 1, e.g. hydrogen or phosphate
Stage One - Phosphorylation
1.Glucose is phosphorylated by adding 2 phosphates from 2 molecules of ATP to give a hexose phosphate.
Stage One - Phosphorylation
1.Glucose is phosphorylated by adding 2 phosphates from 2 molecules of ATP to give a hexose phosphate.
2.The hexose phosphate is split using water
Stage One - Phosphorylation
1.Glucose is phosphorylated by adding 2 phosphates from 2 molecules of ATP to give a hexose phosphate.
2.The hexose phosphate is split using water (hydrolysis)
Stage One - Phosphorylation
1.Glucose is phosphorylated by adding 2 phosphates from 2 molecules of ATP to give a glucose phosphate.
2.The glucose phosphate is split
3.2 molecules of triose phosphate and 2 molecules of ADP are created.
What’s the point?
• Glucose can now no longer leave the cell.
• Molecules produced are much more reactive!
Stage Two - Oxidation
1.The triose phosphates are oxidised (lose oxygen), forming two molecules of pyruvate.
Stage Two - Oxidation
1.The triose phosphates are oxidised (lose oxygen), forming two molecules of pyruvate.
2. Coenzyme NAD+ collects the hydrogen ions, forming 2 reduced NAD (NADH + H+)
Stage Two - Oxidation
1. The triose phosphates are oxidised (lose oxygen), forming two molecules of pyruvate.
2. Coenzyme NAD+ collects the hydrogen ions, forming 2 reduced NAD (NADH + H+)
A coenzyme is a helper molecule that carries chemical groups or ions, e.g. NAD+ removes H+ and carries it
to other molecules.
Stage Two - Oxidation
1.The triose phosphates are oxidised (lose oxygen), forming two molecules of pyruvate.
2. Coenzyme NAD+ collects the hydrogen ions, forming 2 reduced NAD (NADH + H+)
3. 4 ATP are produced, but 2 were used up at the beginning, so there’s a net gain of 2 ATP.
Next in Aerobic respiration….
1. The 2 molecules of reduced NAD go to the electron transport chain (ETC), part 4 of respiration.