GLOBALIZATION AND

HIGHER EDUCATION RETHINKING THE ROLE OF THE STATE&

RESPONSES TO RECENT CHALLENGES

Prof. Dr. Coskun Can Aktan

GENERAL OUTLINE

Global trends and the change dynamics

Higher education in the era of global change

Driving forces of change in higher education

New directions

New paradigms

Challanges and opportunities

Conclusion

GLOBAL TRENDS : GOVERNANCE

Entrepreneurial University

Transparency

Accountability

Management & Governance Issues

Election of Rector

The Role and Functions of the Trustee Board

Stakeholders Relation Management

GLOBAL TRENDS : BORDERLESS

EDUCATION

Cross-Border Student Markets

Academic Mobility

Harmonization

Convergence

Corporate Universities

Franchising Universities

Transnational Higher Education

GLOBAL TRENDS

: LEARNING

Active Learning

eLearning

Lifelong Learning

Interdisciplinary Study

Multidisciplinary Study

GLOBAL TRENDS : TOTAL QUALTY

Quality Assurance Systems

Qualifications

Accreditation

Impact of Globalization on Quality

Assurance, Accreditation and

the Recognition of Qualifications

GLOBAL TRENDS : SERVICE DELIVERY

Higher education as public good

Private delivery of higher education

Service delivery by Not-For-Profit

organizations

Corporate universities

Public vs. Private Higher Education: Public

Good, Equity, Access

GLOBAL TRENDS : MARKET REFORMS

Demonopolization

Deregulation

Liberalization

Privatization

Other Market Reforms…

Corporate Universities

Franchising Universities

HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF CHANGE GLOBAL TRENDS AND PARADIGMAL SHIFTS

SERVICE DELIVERY

Deregulation, Liberalization,

Privatization

SERVICE DELIVERY

Borderless Education

Academic Mobility

HARMONIZATION

Harmonization

Convergence

GOVERNANCE

Stakeholders Relationship

Management

PHILOSOPHY

Lifelong Learning

METHODOLOGY

Interdisciplinary

Multidisciplinary

METHODOLOGY

Active Learning

eLearning

TOTAL QUALITY

Quality Assurance

Accreditation

GOVERNANCE

Entrepreneurial

University

GOVERNANCE

Accountability

Transparency

TRENDS

&

PARADIGMS

GLOBAL CHANGE

TRENDS AND DYNAMICS

THE CHANGE TRENDS AND DYNAMICS

→ Economic change

→ Political change

→ Technological change

→ Ecological change

→ Demographic change

→ Socio-cultural change

→ Organizational change

The Winds of Economic Change

Globalization

....increased integration of world

markets of goods, services and

capital.

...integration of trade, finance, people,

and ideas in one global marketplace.

...political globalization, economic

globalization, social and cultural

globalization.

HIGHER EDUCATION:

DRIVING FORCES OF CHANGE

• The increasing importance of knowledge

• The impact of globalization

• The impact of increasing competition

• Continuing Information & Communications

Technologies revolution •

Source: ‘World Bank ‘Constructing Knowledge Economies” 2002.

HIGHER EDUCATION:

DRIVING FORCES OF CHANGE

HIGHER EDUCATION: SOME OTHER DRIVING FORCES OF CHANGE

-Unmet demand & supply – demographic

pressures

-Public financing declining – burden shifting

from the State to Higher Education Institutions

-Pressures on governance – global market

paradigm – increased competition – rising

costs – funding uncertainty

-Importance of general / liberal education more

pronounced

NEW PARADIGMS

PARADIGMS CHANGED: NEW THINKING VS. TRADITIONAL THINKING

PARADIGMS CHANGED: NEW THINKING VS. TRADITIONAL THINKING

PARADIGMS CHANGED:

BORDERLESS LEARNING VS. SITE-BOUNDED LEARNING

PARADIGMS CHANGED:

OLD AND NEW TEACHING PARADIGMS COMPARED

New Paradigm

Traditional Paradigm

PARADIGMS CHANGED: LEARNING

NEW DEVELOPMENTS

the changing tertiary education landscape

change in forms of competition

-long distance competition

-franchise universities

-corporate universities

Corporate Universities

Corporate universities are developed by those

corporations who have shifted their focus from

employee training to employee education as a

result of "the emergence of the knowledge

economy"

Many corporations believe that through continued

employee education, they can "achieve strategic

goals and performance improvement"

STUDENT MOBILITY: Number of Internationall

Mobile Students by Region of Destination, 2000 , 2007

Students Studying Abroad

Over 2 million international tertiary students abroad in

OECD countries (est $40 billion market)

Over 600,000 in USA – approx 35% of world total

Other significant share of global market include – UK

(14%) – Germany ( 12% ) – Australia ( 9% ) – France

( 8% )

UK in 2001, students from China increased by 67% from

previous year – 31% increase from India

New Zealand 300% growth in the last decade…

Global Indicators

$2.2 trillion+ total

– one third of market in USA

– approx 15% only in the developing world

Teachers

– 5% of global labor force

Primary & Secondary Education

– 83% of students in developing countries

Tertiary & Adult Education

– 90 million tertiary students worldwide, or less than 20% of all

18 to 25 yr olds

Source: www.ifc.org / www.ifc.org/edinvest

HARMONIZATION &

CONVERGENCE

The idea underlying the Bologna Declaration (BD) is

to establish a European Higher Education (HE) Area, to

enhance compatibility, comparability and

transparency of higher education institutions through

convergent reforms aimed to provide better

mobility of students and teachers in the function of the free

market and better employability.

ACCREDITATION

One type of quality assurance in higher education, leading to

some kind of formal judgment based on implicit

or explicit quality standards.

A process of recognizing higher education institutions or

programs for performance, integrity and quality, that entitles

them to the confidence of the educational community and

the public.

CONCLUSION

The drivers of change in higher education are the

globalization in general, impacts of information and

communications technologies, massification of tertiary

systems all over the world, the 'public good' versus 'private

good' debate etc.

The major trends and paradigms are deregulation,

liberalization and privatization of higher education, trans-

national higher education, the idea of entrepreneurial

university, academic mobility, quality assurance systems

and accreditation, the philosophy of life-long learning, e-

learning, interdisciplinarity and multidisciplinarity learning

and the governance of higher education etc.

Prof.Dr.Coşkun Can Aktan

Social Sciences Research Society

http://www.sobiad.org

& Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey

http://www.canaktan.org

GLOBALIZATION AND

HIGHER EDUCATION RETHINKING THE ROLE OF THE STATE&

RESPONSES TO RECENT CHALLENGES