Upload
faruk-hossen
View
14
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
MASUMA AKTERST.ID.20150109037
Welc0me to my presentation
General pharmacology
What is pharmacology
Pharmacology is the branch of science that includes history, source, physical and chemical properties, compounding, mode of action, excretion, the therapeutic use and side effects of drug.
Types of pharmacology
There are two types of pharmacology: 1. Pharmacokinetics: The part of
pharmacology that concerned with absorption, distribution, metabolism excretion of drugs.
What the organism does to the drugs.2.Pharmacodynamics: The part of pharmacology that concerned with the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mode of action.What drugs do to the organism.
Some definition Side effect: It is the effect of drug
which is therapeutically undesirable but unavoidable.
Toxic effect: It is the undesirable effect of a drug due to prolong use.
Prodrug: Those drugs do not produce any pharmacological effects until they are chemically altered within the body are called prodrug.
Efficacy: It is the first property of drug which gives a measure of the amount of drug necessary to produce an effect of a given magnitude.
Potency: The second drug property.This is the ability of a drug to elicit a response when it interacts with a receptor.
Route of drug administration1. Enteral: * Oral * Sublingual * Rectal2. Parenteral: * Intravenous * Intraarterial * Intramascular * Intracutaneous * Subcutaneous
Oral route
Oral is the most common.Advantages:1. Self medication is possible.2. Non invasive.3. Cheap,safe and painless.Disadvantages:4. Irritating and unpleasant drugs cannot be
administrated.5. Drug may discolor teeth.6. Drugs cannot be used unconscious patient.
Oral medication
Sublingual
A drug placed under the tongue, where it dissolved.
Advantages: 1. More potent than oral. 2. Rapidly absorbed into bloodstream. 3. Lipid soluble drugs rapidly absorbed.Disadvantage: 1.Large dose cannot be given. 2.Irritant dose cannot be given.
Subcutaneous
Hypodermic into subcutaneous tissue, just below the skin.
Advantages: 1. Onset drug action faster than oral. 2. Absorption rate is almost constant.Disadvantages: 1. More expensive than oral. 2. Irritating drugs cannot be given.
Dose response curve
It a relationship between dose & response.
Types:Graded dose-response relationshipQuantal dose response relationship
ED50 = effective dose in 50% of population
100
50
0DRUG DOSE
0 X
ED50% subjects
Factor affecting choice of route of administration Physical & chemical properties of
drug Site of action Effect of enzyme Rapidity of action Emergency of treatment Condition of the patient
Therapeutic index
• Effective dose (ED50) = dose at which 50%
population shows response• Lethal dose (LD50) =dose at which 50%
population dies• TI = LD50/ED50, an indication of safety of a
drug (higher is better
Thanks to all