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trunk Head
Eye
Tail ? Neck ?
Nictitating membrane
image from: http://www.spc.cc.tx.us/biology/jmckinney/Studyimages/frog/frogdissectlist.html
• Forelimbs and Hind limbs help in swimming, walking, leaping and burrowing
• Hind limbs ends in five digits and they are larger and muscular than fore limbs that end in four digits.
• Feet have webbed digit that help in swimming.
• Male frogs can be distinguished by the presence of sound producing vocal sacs and also a copulatory pad on the first digit of the fore limbs which are absent in female frogs
NO CLAWS
image from: http://www.spc.cc.tx.us/biology/jmckinney/Studyimages/frog/frogdissectlist.html
38. Auricle (atrium)39. Ventricle40. Conus arteriosus42. Lung43. Liver44. Gall bladder46. Small intestine47. Large intestine49. Spleen50. Kidney51. Fat bodies52. Urinary bladder55. Adrenal gland56. testis
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Pericardial membrane around heartMesentery holds intestines together
image from: http://www.spc.cc.tx.us/biology/jmckinney/Studyimages/frog/frogdissectlist.html
Digestive system
• Alimentary canal and dig. Glands
• Alimentary canal short– carnivorous
•Mouth,Oesophagus, Intestine, Rectum, Cloacal, Aperture, Buccal cavity, Pharynx, Stomach.
Diagrammatic Representation of Internal Organs of frog showing complete digestive system
Mouth
Buccal Cavity
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Intestine
Rectum
Cloacal Aperture
image from: http://www.spc.cc.tx.us/biology/jmckinney/Studyimages/frog/frogdissectlist.html
GLOTTISOpening torespiratory
GULLETOpening to digestive
STOMACH:
LIVER:
GALL BLADDER
Make acid (HCl) and digestive enzymesStart digestion (grind up food)
Make bile(bile emulsifies fat)Store glycogenStore vitaminsProcess toxins (including nitrogen waste) for kidneys
Store bile
PANCREAS
Pancreas (enlarged)
PANCREAS :- produces pancreatic juice
Makes TRYPSIN, INSULIN, GLUCAGON
TRYPSIN- breaks down proteins
INSULIN- tells cells to store glucose from
bloodstream as glycogen
GLUCAGON- tells cells to release stored
glucose to blood stream
SPLEEN
Produces and stores new RBC’s and processes old worn out ones
SMALL INTESTINE
DUODENUM-first part of intestine
Receives trypsin and bile; finishes digestion
ILEUM
Absorbs nutrients
VILLI & MICROVILLI
Increase surface area
http://neuromedia.neurobio.ucla.edu/campbell/epithelium/wp_images/107%20villi.jpg
LARGE INTESTINE
Removes water from digestive waste;
concentrates feces
Undigested waste move into rectum and pass out through cloaca
http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/frog/largeintestine.html
BREATHING THROUGH SKIN is called CUTANEOUS RESPIRATION
Respiratory System
Acquatic Respiratory organ
(Diffusion)
LUNGS:- Pulmonary Respiration
GASEXCHANGE
http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/frog/index.html
http://www.stclement.pvt.k12.il.us/studentWeb/science98/GarrittPatM/alveoli.gif
On Land Buccal cavity skin and Lungs –Respiratory organs
Larvae breathe with GILLS
Circulatory System
Well developed closed typeIt includes heart, blood vessels and blood
Heart :- Muscular, three chambered covered by pericardium
HEART3 chambered heartRight atriumLeft atriumVentricle
Sinus Venosus
joins to right atrium
Ventricles opens to conus arteriosus
Images from: http://www2.volstate.edu/msd/BIO/1020/Lab7ChordateII.htm
ADULT FROG: 3 chamber heart 2 loop system
Sinus venosus
RIGHTAtrium
Ventricle Conus arteriosus
Lungs
Bodyorgans
LEFTAtrium
FROG CIRCULATION
Portal Circulatory System
• Hepatic portal system - Special venous connection between liver and intestine
• Renal portal system - Between kidney and lower parts of the body
MOST vertebrates have nuclei in their RBC’s
MAMMALS DON’T
Frog blood composed of Plama, RBC, WBC and plateletts
Sinus venosus
RIGHTAtrium
Ventricle Conus arteriosus
Lungs
Bodyorgans
LEFTAtrium
FROG CIRCULATION
10 Body Systems :___________________ Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells
Nitrogen waste has different chemical forms:
___________ __________ _____________
MOST TOXIC made from LEAST TOXIC ammonia by needs the least
liver water to dilute FISH HUMANS BIRDS, REPTILES
AMPHIBIANS
EXCRETORY
AMMONIA UREA URIC ACID
Image from: http://step.sdsc.edu/projects95/Frog.Dissection/index.html
KIDNEYS- Remove nitrogen waste from blood and dilute it with water to make urine; osmoregulation
URINARY BLADDER
http://www.manheimcentral.org/~tw005690/Frog/frog.htm
STORES URINE MADE BY KIDNEYS
LARVAE (Tadpoles)Excrete AMMONIA like fish
Adult frogs excrete UREA to conserve water
CLOACADIGESTIVE
EXCRETORY
REPRODUCTIVE