FOCUS ON THE LEARNER

The principal goal of education is to create men who are capable of doing new things, not simply repeating what other generations have done – men who are creative, inventive and discovers.

-Jean Piaget

TAKE THE CHALLENGE!

In this Module, challenge yourself to:

* explain the salient concepts and principles of the major development theories.

* demonstrate appreciation of how these theories provide a framework for

understanding learners.

* apply these theories to teaching-learning situations.

Theories Related to

the Learners’ Developm

ent

Erikson 8 Pscho-social

Stages of Developmen

t

Piaget 4 stages of Cognitive

Development

Brofenbrener Bio-

Ecological Systems

Vgotsky-On

Language-Zone of Proximal

Development

Kohlberg 3 Stages and 6 Substages

of Moral Developmen

t

Freud 3 Components

of Personality

5 Phychosexual Stages of Developmen

t

FREUD’S COMPONENTS OF THE PERSONALITY

ID- pleasure-centeredEGO- relity-centeredSUPEREGO- ego ideal or

conscience

FREUD’S PYCHO-SEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

ORAL STAGEANAL STAGEPHALLIC STAGELATENCY STAGEGENITAL STAGE

PIAGET 4 STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

SENSORY MOTORPRE-OPERATIONALCONCRETE-OPERATIONALFORMAL-OPERATIONAL

“Healthy children will not fear life if their elders have integrity enough not to fear death”

ERIKSON’S PYCHO-SOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

ERIKSON’S PYCHO-SOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

STAGE CRISIS SIGNIFICANT PERSON

MALADPTATION

MALIGNANCY

VIRTUE

1. Trust vs. Mistrust

Infancy Overtrusting Withdrawal HOPE

2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Early Childhood 18mos-4

Impulsiveness

Compulsiveness

WILLPOWER

3. Initiative vs. Guilt

Early Childhood 4-6

Ruthlessness Inhibition COURAGE

4. Industry vs. Inferiority

Schoolage Narrow Virtuosity

Inertia COMPETENCY

5. Ego identity vs. Role Confusion

Adolescence Fantacism Repudiation FIDELITY

6. Intimacy Young Adulthood

Promiscuity Exculsion LOVE

7. Generativity vs. Stagnation

Middle Adulthood

Over extension

Rejectivity CARE

8. Integrity vs. Despair

Late Adulthood

Presumption Disdain WISDOM

KOHLBERG’S STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT

PRE-CONVENTIONAL

STAGE1 PUNISHMENT/OBEDIENCE

STAGE4 LAW AND ORDER

POST-CONVENTIONAL

STAGE5 SOCIAL CONTRACT

CONVENTIONAL

STAGE2 MUTUAL BENEFIT

STAGE3 SOCIAL APPROVAL

STAGE6 UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES

VGOTSKY’S SOCIO-CULTURAL THEORY

MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE OTHER (MKO)

ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT (ZPD)

SCAFFOLDING

BRONFENBRENNER’S BIO-ECOLOGICAL THEORY

THE INDIVIDUAL

MICROSYSTEM

MESOSYSTEM

EXOSYSTEM

MACROSYSTEM