TINA SResearch scholarDepartment of Forensic SciencePunjabi university,Patialasharmatina1989@gmail.com

Friction ridge Identification

Contents

• What is Identification? • Friction ridge identification • Class and individual characteristics• Structure of ridged skin• Level 1 ,level 2 , level 3 Details • Ace-v• Conclusion• References

Identification

• To ascertain the origin, nature, or definitive characteristics.

• To associate or affiliate (oneself) closely with a person or group.

• Determined by a set parameter.

Fingerprint Identification

For almost a hundred years, the primary method used to examine prints was the point system. An examiner would compare the ridges in two prints, and if enough of the ridge points matched, anywhere from twelve to sixteen, then there was said to be an identification.

In the past ten years, there has been a shift away from the points system to the system known as “ridgeology”.1 An examiner must determine if there are enough features (not just points) in common to determine if two fingerprints are matches.

Possible features to consider in identification: Overall ridge pattern Individual ridge patterns (ridge ending, bifurcation, dot, etc.) Individual ridge structures (width, shape, position of pores, etc.) Other features present in a print, such as creases, scars, warts, etc.

Structure of riged skin

FINGERPRINT CLASSIFICATION

CLASS CHARACTERSTIC INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERSTIC

Ridge pattern Ridge characterstics

LEVEL 1LEVEL 2LEVEL 3

Level 1

Level 2

Take a look at the sample fingerprint below to see several ridge characteristics that you might find during a fingerprint examination.

Crossover

Core

Bifurcation (fork)

Ridge ending

Island

Delta

Pore

Scar

analyse

verify

compare

evaluate

COMPARISON POSSIBLE?

DEFINE TOLRANCE?

FRICTION RIDGE?

ANALYSIS

COMPARE

•MARK POSITIVE OR NEGETIVE?•SUBSTRATE?

•ANY MARK IN ANATOMICAL SEQUENCE?

• MARK MATRIX?•DEVELOPING MEDIUM?

•DISTORTION?•CLARITY?

•FEATURES VISIBLE?

A

COMAPRISON

AT LEVEL 1

AT LEVEL 3

EVALUATE

VERIFICATION

AT LEVEL 2

• SELECT REFRENCE POINT(ANY RECURVING REDGE,GROUP OF

MINUTE,TYPE LINES,SCARS WARTS)

• ARE THESE ON SAME ORIENTATION?

• ESTABLISH ROUTE OF FRICTION RIDGE

SELECT A VISIBLE FEATURE ON THE MARK?

IS IT PRESENT ON KNOWN ?

COMAPARE?

COMPARRISON

OSBORN GRID METHOD

SEYMOUR TRACE METHOD

PHOTOGRAPHIC STRIP METHOD

POLYGON METHOD

OVERLAY METHOD

OSTERBURG METHOD

MICROSCOPIC METHOD

CONVENTIONAL METHOD

How many ridge characteristics can you identify in this fingerprint?

Features required for identification?

• Historically ,for very first time was given by frenchman edmond locard.

• Locard suggested a tripartite rule1. More than 12 points than identity beyond doubts.2. If 8 to 12 then identity is to be considered with rarity of

the feature. presence of feature with respect to core and delta

3. Limited number of characteristic points are present then no certainty of identification but only presumption proportional to point available and clarity

Do you know???

• Why 12 points of comparison?why not 10, 9, 6 or more if one fingerprint contains 200 approx minutae

Answer

• As examining the whole universe to see whether any other individual have the same points or not is beyond scope .

• Just consider improbabity of these 12 points to conside in two individuals

Its is highly improbable.

Different numerical standards for different country

• Italy 16 -17

• U .k 16

• Germany/ 8-12

switzerland

• South africa 7

• Belgium 12

No predetermined numerical standard approach

• International association for identification studied and reviewed and concluded

1. Some type of minute more selective than other. for example

bifurcations and ridge ending -80% 2.Quantitative feature 3 level to be added in

identification process3. If no minutae around it is in its self source

of identity.

Identification

Qualitative • quantitative

Gerenal pattern

Type of minutae

Pores and edges

Number of minutae

VERIFICATION

• FINGERPRINT PROFESSION NEEDS TO BE OPERATED WITH AN ETHICAL AND UNBIASD CULTURE

1. Training

2. Continuous education for new researches

3. Appraisal systems

4. Peer review ,collaborative studies,proficency testing

Which will let us provide service not only with a say that we are presenting a service of 1000 years but of expertise itself.

1. Identification should not be done directly from comparison but analysis feature extraction enhancement

2. Note taking from analysis to verification.3. Proficiency testing and audits.

CONCLUSION

• Error in identification problem are not only due to failure to see the outside of the things, but failure to recognize their differences and their similarities

• And when we can see because of not able to recognize and interperate them.

• Science is merely accurate classification resulting from intelligent observationReasoning leading to correct recognition of similarity and dissimilarity

“knowledge is what necessary to ascertain resemblance and variation”Albert s osborn

References 1. David r ashbaugh;qualitative and quantitative friction ridge

analysis,crc press,19992. Champod christephore,pirre margot,mulutinstoilovic crc press

Fingerprint and other ridged skin3. James f.cowger;friction ;ridge skin CRC press london,19934. Gaensslen R.E,lee c henry;advances in fingerprint 2nd edition5. Albert S. Osborn;(1910) Questioned Documents 5. www.latentprint.com6. www.onin.com7. www.cplex.com8. www.forensic-evidence.com 9. www.ridges-furrows.com

ANY QUESTIONS?????

WHENEVER HE STEPS ,WHTERVER HE TOUCHES

WHTEVER HE LEAVES,EVEN UNCOUNCIOUSLY,WILL SERVE AS

SILENT WITNESS AGAINST HIM HARIS V