IN THE NAME OF ALLAH

WHO IS MOST BENIFICIENT AND

MERCIFUL.

Group Group membersmembers

•ALI Roll no#12•Mubeen Roll no#02•Meemona Roll no#22•Hira Roll no#32

Topic

•FAT and• NTFS

Filing systems

SOME IMPORTANT TERMS TO BE REMBERERD

•File•Directory•Sector•cluster

FILE

“A collection of related facts with particular name and comprises some additional attributes”

•Application file

Files for OS are Application files

•Data File

Files for users are data files

Directory

A file having a collection of files is called directory.

Root Directory

The first directory on computer’s hard disk is called root directory

Cluster and sector

FAT

•Fat 12•Fat 16•Vfat

Coded and designed by Bill Gates in 1976 for floppy disks.

Integrated by Tim Paterson for INTEL 8086 Bill Gates again coded for DOS.

FAT provides

CHKDSK or SCANDISK utility.

Waste of memory

Increasing size increases sector size

Small file name

•8 bit for name and 3 bit for extension

FAT 12

•First version•For floppy disks5.25” single sided disk•Having 40 tracks.•Each track has 8 sectors.•For Up to 32MB of memory

•Cluster address 12 bit long

•Does not support hierarchical directories

•Sector size 16 bit

FAT 16

•Introduce in 1987 in Compaq DOS3.31.

•Sector size was reduced to 8 bits.

•Memory increased up to 2 Gigabytes.

•Windows 98 supported reading and writing.

VFAT.

•Introduced by Windows 95.

•Extension of FAT 16 and FAT 12.

•Long file names.

•Additional directory blocks to hold large names.

FAT 32

FAT 32

•Introduced by Windows 95-B andWindows 98.

•Expansion of previous FAT systems.

•It can handle large volume storage drives up to 2 Terabyte.

•robustness

•Single point failure can not fail

whole system it has a back up copy

to relocate the root directory

Efficient use of memory

• More efficient use of memory than FAT16.

• Less slack space increased efficiency more than 15% than FAT 16.

•Cluster size was 4 KB instead of 64KB

It was because

Still some draw backs.

•Its Compatibility, it supports only MS operating systems

•compatibility

•No Naïve level security available in FAT32.

•Performance varies with application

NTFS

New technology file system.

history

•In the mid of 1980s IBM and Microsoft joined to makeNext generation Operating system.

•The result was OS/2.

Unfortunately this operating system was not so successful because of because of marketing and support issue.

•Microsoft separated and started to work on windows on Windows NT.

•They borrowed basic naïve file

concepts from OS/2 in creating NTFS

Plus points of NTFS

•It allows to vary the

cluster size despite of fix

in HPRS that was 512 byte .

•Flexible cluster size

It also supports clusters

more than one sectors

which increased the

performance a little.

•More sectors in one cluster

•Reliability

It can recover from problem without data loss.

That’s why more reliable than FATs

•Security and access control.

•Major weakness in FAT 32 was security issue

•NTFS provided access control and security which supports Application and networking.

Storage efficiency

Due to minimum slack, memory utilization was maximum.

•Long file name

It supports the long

File names up to 255 characters.

•Supported very large volumes

It removed the limitations onDisks size which were in FAT filling systems

•Networking

Windows NT give a lot of facilities For networking.

Partition structure•NTFS has no anomalies in

•its strucure,4KB of cluster size was considered ideal.

MFT

File storage

space

File storage space

Copy of MFT

MFT zone User zone

12% 88%

Storage anatomy

Meta files

The first 16 NTFS files are system files.The meta file area is in the NTFS disk root Directory, they start with “$”.it is difficult to get info about them.

Draw backs of NTFS

•Does not support less than 400MB.

•Does not format floppy disk

•No built in encryption available

THANK YOU