ROMANESQUEROMANESQUEROMANESQUEROMANESQUE

East vs. WestEast vs. WestEast vs. WestEast vs. West

Byzantine Empire survived for about 1,000 Byzantine Empire survived for about 1,000

years whereas Western Roman Empire years whereas Western Roman Empire

rapidly crumbled.rapidly crumbled.

Western Europe struggled from the start of Western Europe struggled from the start of

the century until fifteenth century. the century until fifteenth century.

AD 500-1500 ‘Middle Ages’, ‘Dark Ages’ or AD 500-1500 ‘Middle Ages’, ‘Dark Ages’ or

‘Medieval Period’‘Medieval Period’

Dark AgesDark AgesDark AgesDark Ages

Medieval PeriodMedieval PeriodMedieval PeriodMedieval Period

After Barbarian invasions, north of Europe After Barbarian invasions, north of Europe

isolated and recovers slowly.isolated and recovers slowly.

Started at the collapse of the Roman Started at the collapse of the Roman

Empire until the beginning of the Empire until the beginning of the

RenaissanceRenaissance

Medieval PeriodMedieval PeriodMedieval PeriodMedieval Period

Early Middle AgesEarly Middle Ages

High Middle AgesHigh Middle Ages

Late Middle AgesLate Middle Ages

Early Middle AgesEarly Middle AgesEarly Middle AgesEarly Middle Ages

many barbarian invaders conquered most of many barbarian invaders conquered most of

Roman EmpireRoman Empire

7th and 8th century, the ‘Franks’ under 7th and 8th century, the ‘Franks’ under

‘Carolingian dynasty’, established an empire ‘Carolingian dynasty’, established an empire

that covered much of western Europe before it that covered much of western Europe before it

succumbed to pressures of invasionsuccumbed to pressures of invasion

Vikings from the north, Magyars from the east Vikings from the north, Magyars from the east

and Saracens from the south.and Saracens from the south.

‘‘Age of Faith’Age of Faith’‘‘Age of Faith’Age of Faith’

Medieval people had one fixation: to Medieval people had one fixation: to

prepare for eternal life after deathprepare for eternal life after death

Church grown into power, guided the Church grown into power, guided the

people in the quest for salvation. They people in the quest for salvation. They

influence the lives of kings and peasants influence the lives of kings and peasants

throughout Western Europethroughout Western Europe

Early Middle AgesEarly Middle AgesEarly Middle AgesEarly Middle Ages

Fall of Rome - start of the Early Medieval Fall of Rome - start of the Early Medieval

Period.Period.

Time of conflict, warfare, mass migrationTime of conflict, warfare, mass migration

Charlemagne - Carolingian Dynasty was Charlemagne - Carolingian Dynasty was

foundedfounded

CharlemagneCharlemagneCharlemagneCharlemagne

Charlemagne or Charles Charlemagne or Charles the Great the Great

Among the greatest Among the greatest leaders in the Middle leaders in the Middle AgesAges

Conquered most of Conquered most of western or central Europewestern or central Europe

revival of culture that was revival of culture that was lost for 400 yearslost for 400 years

Role of CharlemagneRole of CharlemagneRole of CharlemagneRole of Charlemagne

His dynasty revived a His dynasty revived a strong and efficient strong and efficient governmentgovernment

Renewed interest in Renewed interest in learning and the artslearning and the arts

Scholasticism - arithmetic, Scholasticism - arithmetic, grammar and the psalmsgrammar and the psalms

Preservation of ancient Preservation of ancient manuscriptsmanuscripts

DeathDeathDeathDeathCharlemagne - 814 ADCharlemagne - 814 ADCharlemagne - 814 ADCharlemagne - 814 AD

Rise of FeudalismRise of FeudalismRise of FeudalismRise of Feudalism

FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalism

More frequent wars More frequent wars = building of stone = building of stone castles for castles for fortification and fortification and withstand enemy withstand enemy attackattack

Lords gave up their Lords gave up their lands and freedom lands and freedom for more powerful for more powerful lords in turn for lords in turn for protectionprotection

FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalism

servant or ‘vassal’ to the lordservant or ‘vassal’ to the lord

‘‘serfs’ - poor peasant with no land to give in serfs’ - poor peasant with no land to give in turn for protectionturn for protection

ROMANESQUE ARTROMANESQUE ARTROMANESQUE ARTROMANESQUE ART

RomanesqueRomanesqueRomanesqueRomanesque

Art in the 11th and Art in the 11th and 12th century was 12th century was named such named such because of its because of its similarities to similarities to Roman art.Roman art.

CharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristics

followed Byzantine iconographic models followed Byzantine iconographic models

depicting ‘Christ in Majesty’, ‘Last depicting ‘Christ in Majesty’, ‘Last

Judgement’, scenes from the Life of ChristJudgement’, scenes from the Life of Christ

large wooden crucifix - German innovation large wooden crucifix - German innovation

as well as free-standing status of the as well as free-standing status of the

enthroned Madonnaenthroned Madonna

Stained glass and illuminated manuscriptsStained glass and illuminated manuscripts

CharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristics

For educational and religious purposeFor educational and religious purpose

varying heights in terms of importancevarying heights in terms of importance

expressionismexpressionism

SculptureSculptureSculptureSculpture

narrative portalnarrative portal

ManuscriptsManuscriptsManuscriptsManuscripts

Manuscript Manuscript IlluminationIlluminationManuscript Manuscript IlluminationIllumination

the use of embellishment the use of embellishment and illustration to and illustration to enhance the pages of a enhance the pages of a medieval manuscriptmedieval manuscript

Before the printing press, Before the printing press, everything had to be everything had to be copied by handcopied by hand

Decoration of pages with Decoration of pages with delicate paintings in delicate paintings in silver, gold and rich colorssilver, gold and rich colors

Bayeux TapestryBayeux TapestryBayeux TapestryBayeux Tapestry

Bayeux TapestryBayeux TapestryBayeux TapestryBayeux Tapestry

Bayeux TapestryBayeux TapestryBayeux TapestryBayeux Tapestry

nearly 70 m or 230 ft longnearly 70 m or 230 ft long

events leading up to the Norman events leading up to the Norman conquest of England concerning conquest of England concerning William, Duke of Normandy and William, Duke of Normandy and Harold, Earl of Wessex, later King Harold, Earl of Wessex, later King of England, culminating the Battle of England, culminating the Battle of Hastingsof Hastings

some 50 sceness with captions some 50 sceness with captions embroidered on linen with woolen embroidered on linen with woolen yarnsyarns

Likely commissioned by Bishop OdoLikely commissioned by Bishop Odo

Bayeux TapestryBayeux TapestryBayeux TapestryBayeux Tapestry

50 scenes with 600 human figures, 700 creatures, 2000 50 scenes with 600 human figures, 700 creatures, 2000 lettersletters

PaintingPaintingPaintingPainting

tense, nervous tense, nervous rhythms and razor rhythms and razor sharp linessharp lines

two dimensionaltwo dimensional

Whirlpool patterns Whirlpool patterns in unlikely in unlikely anatomyanatomy

Stained GlassStained GlassStained GlassStained Glass

RomanesqueRomanesqueRomanesqueRomanesque

ArchitectureArchitectureArchitectureArchitecture

ArchitectureArchitectureArchitectureArchitecture

first distinctive style to spread across first distinctive style to spread across

Europe since the Roman Empire.Europe since the Roman Empire.

larger, richly articulated, more ‘Roman larger, richly articulated, more ‘Roman

looking’looking’

Most Romanesque Architecture are found Most Romanesque Architecture are found

in northern Spain to Rhineland, Scottish-in northern Spain to Rhineland, Scottish-

English border to central ItalyEnglish border to central Italy

‘‘Pilgrimage Pilgrimage Churches’Churches’‘‘Pilgrimage Pilgrimage Churches’Churches’

Pilgrimage to Pilgrimage to travel and pay travel and pay homage to saints homage to saints and relics in far-off and relics in far-off churcheschurches

people traveled to people traveled to be healedbe healed

Churche of Saint Churche of Saint FoyFoy

Churche of Saint Churche of Saint FoyFoy

Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela CathedralCathedral

Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela CathedralCathedral

Compostela Spain, late 11th centuryCompostela Spain, late 11th centuryCompostela Spain, late 11th centuryCompostela Spain, late 11th century

Typical ElementsTypical ElementsTypical ElementsTypical Elements

WallsWalls

ButtressesButtresses

ArchesArches

ArcadesArcades

PiersPiers

ColumnsColumns

CapitalsCapitals

VaultsVaults

Italy, Poland, Italy, Poland, Germany and Germany and parts of parts of Netherlands - Netherlands - brickbrick

Others use Others use limestone, limestone, granite, flintgranite, flint

ArchesArchesArchesArches

Arches - openings for Arches - openings for

doors and windows, doors and windows,

vaults and arcadesvaults and arcades

Arcades - row of Arcades - row of

arches supported on arches supported on

piers or columnspiers or columns

ArchesArchesArchesArches

VaultsVaultsVaultsVaults

FacadesFacadesFacadesFacades

Church TowersChurch TowersChurch TowersChurch Towers

campanilecampanile

leans 13 ft. off the leans 13 ft. off the perpendicularperpendicular

PlansPlansPlansPlans

‘‘Latin cross’ planLatin cross’ plan

PortalsPortalsPortalsPortals

CapitalsCapitalsCapitalsCapitals

historiated capitalshistoriated capitals

Nicholas of VerdunNicholas of VerdunNicholas of VerdunNicholas of Verdun

Nicholas VerdunNicholas VerdunNicholas VerdunNicholas Verdun

French artist, the most famous goldsmiths French artist, the most famous goldsmiths

enamellists of the Middle Agesenamellists of the Middle Ages

shrines, figurines, candlesticks with shrines, figurines, candlesticks with

precious stones, traveling around Europeprecious stones, traveling around Europe

late Romanesque to early Gothic styleslate Romanesque to early Gothic styles