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Implementing an Evidence-Informed Prescription Drug Abuse Prevention Program: Overview of EVERFI's New Prevention Course
Kimberley Timpf, Senior Director of Prevention Education
#evidencebasedprevention #preventionmatters
Scope of the Challenge
In Recent News…
March 16, 2017
The Opioid Epidemic Is This Generation’s AIDS Crisis
“…52,000 people died of drug overdoses in 2015. That’s
more deaths than the peak year for AIDS, which was 51,000
in 1995. And unlike AIDS in 1995, there’s no reason to think
the worst is now over.”
June 5, 2017
Drug Deaths in America Are Rising Faster Than Ever
“Drug overdose deaths in 2016 most likely exceeded 59,000,
the largest annual jump ever recorded in the United States.
Drug overdoses are now the leading cause of death among
Americans under 50.”
"America is enduring a death toll equal to September 11th every three weeks."
United States Drug-Taking Culture
Source: UNODC (2011)
The United States represents 5% of the worlds’ population
5% 75%
…but consumes 75% of the worlds’
prescription drugs
Contributing Factors to Prescription Drug Misuse
Easy access to prescription medications
4 billion prescriptions filled
each year in U.S.
A C C E S S
Incorrect belief that prescription medication
are safe because a physician
prescribes them
M I S P E R C E P T I O N S
The U.S. is one of two countries
that allow direct-to-consumer
advertisements for prescription drugs
A D S
There is little negative stigma attached to taking pills
Source: National Center for Health Statistics (2013)
Prescription Drug Misuse and Abuse on Campus
ADHD
Adderall, Ritalin, Concerta
• Increase alertness
• Increase attention
• Increase energy
• Increase blood pressure and heart rate
• Seizures
• Hostility
STIMULANTS DEPRESSANTS OPIOIDS
Anxiety
Valium, Xanax, Ambien
• Increase GABA in the brain
• Decreases brain activity producing calming effect
• Drowsiness
• Slowed respiration and heart rate
• Seizure from withdrawal
Pain
Vicodin, OxyContin, Percocet
• Affects regions of the brain
that trigger euphoria
• Drowsiness
• Constipation
• Slowed breathing
• Respiratory depression or death
Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse (2014)
Most Common Types of Misused Prescription Drugs
Distinctions of Campus Drug Abuse
18.6%
10.2%
OPIOIDS
5%
9.0%
5% 20.0%
STIMULANTS
8.9%
13.8%
DEPRESSANTS
Have You Ever Used The Following Prescription Drugs For Non-Medical Reasons?
College students
18- 25 year olds
College students
18- 25 year olds
College students
18 – 25 year olds
NUMBER OF PRESCRIPTION DRUG ABUSERS
5.1 million
2.2 million
1.1 million
Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse (2010); College Prescription Drug Study (2015)
STIMULANTS DEPRESSANTS OPIOIDS
• Some 33,000 people in the U.S. died of opioid overdoses in 2015, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
• College students are as likely as others to abuse the narcotics (Hazelden Betty Ford Institute for Recovery Advocacy and the Christie Foundation, 2015)
• Federal law doesn’t require colleges to report drug deaths unless they are deemed criminal.
Opioids: A Hidden Crisis on College Campuses?
Source: https://www.wsj.com/articles/colleges-take-action-on-opioid-epidemic-1494158403?tesla=y
Connecting Marijuana and Stimulant Misuse
Among Those Reporting NO Past Year Non-Medical Use of Prescription Stimulants:
Among Those Reporting Past Year Non-Medical Use of Prescription Stimulants:
39%
PAST 30-DAY MARIJUANA USE
PAST YEAR MARIJUANA USE
SKIPPED AT LEAST ONE CLASS
23%
35%
86%
PAST 30-DAY MARIJUANA USE
PAST YEAR MARIJUANA USE
SKIPPED AT LEAST ONE CLASS
66%
54%
Source: Kilmer (2017)
(9% due to alcohol/other substances)
(40% due to alcohol/other substances)
Getting Started
How is the Rx drug conversation different from conversations about alcohol?
Concerns:
• Consensus among campus stakeholders about risks of Rx drugs, lack of consensus about what to do.
• Ambivalence about how to respond = inaction and delayed response.
Framing the Conversation on Campus
• Rx drugs have a therapeutic benefit.
• Long-time focus on the “A” in AOD prevention – “Other Drugs” now in the spotlight.
• Pharmacological risks are not equal.
• Rx drug prevention is an emerging field.
• Rx drug abuse associated with negative stereotypes.
• Rx drug prevention is an unfunded mandate.
An Unfunded Mandate EDGAR Part 86 Regulations
Having a compliant program requires that IHEs: [1] conduct a biennial review of their drug and alcohol prevention programs
[2] annually distribute specified drug and alcohol prevention information to students and employees (“annual notification”)
Standards of conduct; federal, state and local laws; available drug and alcohol programs; and a description of the health risks associated with alcohol abuse and illicit drug use, including:
• risk of dependence,
• possible short-term effects,
• possible long-term effects, and
• likelihood and effects of overdose.
20 U.S.C. 1145g—Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention
Annual Notification Requirements
Using What We Know
Information Dissemination
Skill-Building
Problem Identification & Referral
Campus-Based Processes
Environmental Approaches
Health marketing campaigns
Partner with off-campus
resources
Clear campus
policy and processes
Bystander intervention
Referral network created
A Population-Level Approach to Prescription Drug Abuse Prevention
Prescription Drug Abuse Prevention
Prescription Drug Abuse Prevention
Behavioral Outcomes and Learning Objectives FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE BEHAVIOR
[Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory] Knowledge Attitudes and Beliefs Perceived Outcomes Personal Norms Social Norms Behavioral Skills Perceived Behavioral Control Cues to Action
Knowledge
OBJECTIVES
• Identify the attributes of the most common prescription drugs
• Describe the risks associated with prescription drug misuse and abuse
• Cite the laws and policies relevant to prescription drug use
OBJECTIVE
• Demonstrate how to refuse requests from others to use my personal prescription medications.
Behavioral Skills
OBJECTIVE
• Demonstrate how to use non-confrontational responses to turn down an offer to use a drug that hasn’t been prescribed to me.
Behavioral Skills
Perceived Behavioral Control
OBJECTIVE
• Agree: I will use prescription drugs only as advised by a doctor/medical professional/pharmacist
Provide assistance to a friend who may be experiencing a problem with prescription drugs Actively follow safe prescription drug taking practices
AN EVIDENCE-INFORMED APPROACH:
• Delivers accurate information to help students make informed decisions about their personal use of medication
• Uses a curriculum grounded in behavior change theory
• Employs evidence based practices • Engages a majority of students
who are making healthy and safe decisions
• Discourages misuse and abuse of all substances
• Provides critical data and student engagement information to help inform prevention strategies
#evidencebasedprevention #preventionmatters
What’s new from EverFi in 2017?
Complete Student Catalog
Primary Prevention Courses ● Alcohol Prevention
● Title IX/Clery Training
For Undergraduates
For Graduates
For Adult Learners
● Prescription Drug Abuse Prevention
Ongoing Courses ● Title IX/Clery Training for Continuing Students
● Alcohol Prevention Refresher
● Alcohol Sanctions Training
Complete Faculty/Staff Catalog
Primary Prevention Course
● Title IX/Clery/Campus SaVE Act
Annual Ongoing Course
● Title IX/Clery Refresher
Information Security
● Data Security & Privacy
● FERPA
● HIPAA Basics
● Social Media & Your Job
● PCI:DSS
Risk Management
● Intersections: Title IX/Title VII
● Protect Children (mandated reporter)
● Injury & Illness Prevention
● Ethics
● Clery Act Basics
● Bloodborne Pathogens
● Accommodating Students/Workers Disabilities
● Bullying in the Workplace
● Diversity: Skills for Collaboration
● Drugs & Alcohol at Work
● Hazard Communication
Thank you!
Implementing an Evidence-Informed Prescription Drug Abuse Prevention Program: Overview of EVERFI's New Prevention Course
Implementing an Evidence-Informed Prescription Drug Abuse Prevention Program: Overview of EVERFI's New Prevention Course Kimberley Timpf, Senior Director of Prevention Education
#evidencebasedprevention #preventionmatters
