EphesusEphesusAn ancient cityAn ancient city

Part IPart I

Where was Ephesus?Where was Ephesus?

Roman baths

There are four areas in a bath: the changing area, the cold water area, the warm water area and the hot water area.

BathsBaths

ColumnsColumns

Fluted columns are Fluted columns are all Greekall Greek

The Romans The Romans reused the fluted reused the fluted Greek columns Greek columns

ColumnsColumns

Persian bull on Persian bull on Ionic capitals is a Ionic capitals is a blend of Greek and blend of Greek and PersianPersian

Bull is a symbol of Bull is a symbol of strength and powerstrength and power

ColumnsColumns

Column pedestal Column pedestal with squares in itwith squares in it

They put iron posts They put iron posts with lead around with lead around them to hold them them to hold them in placein place

This is how the This is how the Greeks held things Greeks held things together, from together, from buildings to columnsbuildings to columns

ColumnsColumns

Romans held stuff Romans held stuff together with cement together with cement mortar instead of iron mortar instead of iron pegspegs

It was more stable in It was more stable in earthquakesearthquakes

ColumnsColumns

Roman columns Roman columns are smooth not are smooth not flutedfluted

ColumnsColumns

What kind of What kind of column is this?column is this?

The capital is The capital is Corinthian with an Corinthian with an acanthus leaf acanthus leaf designdesign

ColumnsColumns

The round olive The round olive shaped things on shaped things on the capitals are the capitals are actually bull’s actually bull’s testicles, these testicles, these being a symbol of being a symbol of strength and power strength and power and abundance. and abundance. They are on a lot of They are on a lot of the Roman columns.the Roman columns.

Ionic column capitalIonic column capital

AmphitheatreAmphitheatre

This Greek theatre This Greek theatre was used as a was used as a stadium by the stadium by the Romans because Romans because they had so many they had so many performances like performances like Gladiator fighting Gladiator fighting and naked women and naked women dancing. dancing.

AmphitheatreAmphitheatre We are standing We are standing

where the where the performers would performers would have entered have entered hundreds of years hundreds of years ago. They would ago. They would come in to the come in to the stadium and if they stadium and if they were to talk they were to talk they would be heard by would be heard by all because of the all because of the rounded shape.rounded shape.

AmphitheatreAmphitheatre

In Roman times, In Roman times, the road beyond the road beyond the theatre led to the theatre led to the sea. The ocean the sea. The ocean receded over time receded over time and now it is five and now it is five miles further away.miles further away.

Bee’s of EphesusBee’s of Ephesus

We saw this bee in We saw this bee in the entrée way to the entrée way to the theatre. It turns the theatre. It turns out they are the out they are the symbol of the symbol of the Ephesians (the Ephesians (the people of Ephesus). people of Ephesus). It was a very big bee It was a very big bee but nobody wanted but nobody wanted to put their hand to put their hand near it to show size.near it to show size.

StreetsStreets

This is the street This is the street leading to a leading to a famous old library. famous old library.

StreetsStreets

Curate street Curate street meaning demigod meaning demigod or priest street.or priest street.

The gates had The gates had statues of Herakles statues of Herakles (Hercules)(Hercules)

Statues of Statues of emperors lined the emperors lined the streetstreet

StreetsStreets This is the mosaic This is the mosaic

tiled pedestrian streettiled pedestrian street Street for chariots is Street for chariots is

to the right of the to the right of the columns.columns.

Most of the major Most of the major streets had two streets had two sections: one for sections: one for pedestrians and one pedestrians and one for chariots. Both for chariots. Both sections were the sections were the same width.same width.

StreetsStreets

Harbour street can Harbour street can be seen beyond be seen beyond the stadiumthe stadium

It led to the ocean It led to the ocean originally but the originally but the ocean is now 5 km ocean is now 5 km further away.further away.

StreetsStreets

Harbour street Harbour street againagain

The river silted up The river silted up the bay at the end the bay at the end of the street.of the street.

It was one of the It was one of the reasons Ephesus reasons Ephesus stopped being a stopped being a major centre of major centre of commerce.commerce.

StreetsStreets

This was a This was a gambling game gambling game played for moneyplayed for money

Small rocks were Small rocks were used like poker used like poker chipschips

This was carved This was carved into the stones of into the stones of the street because the street because people met there.people met there.

StreetsStreets

Names carved into Names carved into paving stonespaving stones

The carvers put their The carvers put their names into stones names into stones they did and then they did and then the manager would the manager would come around to come around to check how many check how many stones had your stones had your name and would pay name and would pay you for those stones.you for those stones.

StreetsStreets

Holes in the stones Holes in the stones are for candles.are for candles.

These used to be in These used to be in walls but when the walls but when the Turkish government Turkish government restored Ephesus, restored Ephesus, they randomly they randomly placed stones so placed stones so these are now in the these are now in the street.street.

StreetsStreets

These holes were These holes were in the stones along in the stones along the side of the the side of the street. It was to tie street. It was to tie up the horses of up the horses of your chariot. This your chariot. This was like a parking was like a parking lot outside the lot outside the library and agora.library and agora.