Environmental care

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DEVELOPMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

Lecturer: Ms. Joscel P. EnardecidoLiberal Arts Department

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SCENARIO: Environmental Problems, and their CausesCORE CASE STUDY:Living in an Exponential Age

Two ancient kings enjoyed playing chess. The winner claimed the prize from the loser. After one match, the winning king asked the losing king to pay him by placing one grain of wheat on the first square of the chess board, two grains on the second square, four on the third


And so on, with the number doubling on each square until all 64 squares were filled.The losing king , thinking that he was getting off easy, agreed with delight. It was the biggest mistake he ever made. He bankrupted his kingdom because the number of grains of wheat he had promised was probably more than the wheat that has ever been harvested!


This fictional story illustrates the concept of exponential growth, by which a quantity increases at a fixed percentage per unit of time, such as 2% per year. Exponential growth is deceptive. It starts off slowly , but after only a few doublings , it grows to enormous numbers because each doubling is more than the total of all earlier growth.


Because of exponential growth in the human population , there were almost 6.7 Billion people on the planet. Collectively these people consume vast amounts of food,water,raw materials and energy and in the process, produce large amounts of pollution and wastes. According to the census of world’s population, each day, we add an average of 225,000 more people on earth.


There is a growing evidence and concern that continued exponential growth in human activities such as burning fossil fuels and clearing forests will change the earth’s climate during this century. This could ruin some areas for farming, shift water supplies, causes unavoidable disasters/calamities.


ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION


WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION?It refers to organized efforts to teach about how natural environments function and, particularly, how human beings can manage their behavior and ecosystems in order to live sustainably.


Aims of Environmental Education:

1.Develop an environmentally literate and responsible citizenrywho will protect the environment.2.It enables everyone to understand and the complex nature of the environment.


How do we avail Environmental Education?

1.Through formal education- incorporated in the curriculum of environmental education.2.Through informal education like attending seminars, talks , or meetings on the environment.3.Joining environmental organizations, participating in


and getting involved in campaigns for the preservation of the environment will make one or more committed to saving our planet.

In order for us to fully understand our environment and conceptualize efforts on how to preserve it, we must first probe what are the components, parts and how ecosystems function.


ECOLOGY- derived from “OIKOS” meaning a place to live. This is the science that deals with the study of the interrelationships between biotic ( living) and abiotic ( non-living environment.

Environmental science- the application of the knowledge of ecology to management of the environment.


THE ECOSYSTEM


Ecosystem- is the basic functioning unit of nature, consisting of biotic and abiotic environment.

E cosystems vary in kind it can be:1.Small or large2.Terrestrial or marine3.Man-made or natural


The Philippine Ecosystems1.Agricultural Ecosystem2.Coral Reef Ecosystem3.Fresh Water Ecosystem4.Forest Ecosystem5.Mangrove Ecosystem6.Sea Grass Ecosystem7.Marginal Ecosystem8.Soft Bottom Ecosystem9.Urban Ecosystem


I. Agriculture EcosystemAgriculture- backbone of the country’s economy. 2 kinds1.Rainfed – depend on rainwater2.Irrigated- use a water source for irrigation.II. Coral Reef Ecosystem- Serves as habitat and breeding places for fishes.


Agriculture Ecosystem


III. Fresh Water EcosystemInclude all inland bodies of water such as streams and rivers and standing waters such as lakes, reservoir, ponds and other man-made impoundments.

IV. Forest EcosystemsOne of the diverse ecosystemsTeeming with hundreds of plants, animals.


Forest help stabilize the climate by regulating the amount of Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere. It also maintains the earth’s atmosphere.

V. Marginal Ecosystem-People induced ecosystems-occurring in the periphery of other ecosystems.-these are converted ecosystems of forest, croplands and coastal areas.


Marginal Ecosystems


VII. Mangrove Ecosystem-Located in the brackish waters , the salty and the muddy portion of the coastline where fresh water from rivers and saline water from the sea meet.

VIII. Sea grass Ecosystem-Called the meadows of the sea.--source of food for plant-eating animals such as seacows or dugong,


MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEM


sea urchins, turtles, and other fishes.Ducks and geese graze on exposed beds during low tide.

VII. Soft bottom Ecosystem- Found in open seas beyond light penetration from depth of 50 meters up to more than 10,000 meters in depth.


Softbottom Ecosystem


IX. Urban Ecosystem-center for human

settlement with Corresponding support

services.-consist of 66 cities and

160 Municipalities in the

country.


Environmental Problems


Common Environmental Problems

POLLUTION

CLASSIFIED INTO 41. AIR

2.WATER3. LAND AND SOIL

4. NOISE


1. Air Pollution- defined as physical and chemical alteration of properties of the air which is harmful to human health , vegetation and animals.

Toxic Air Pollutants:1.Oxides of sulfur and Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide etc.Causes:1. Burning of fossils fuels like gasoline,diesel and petroleum in


powerplants, factories ,and motor vehicles. Burning of trash produce toxic pollutants.

Pollutants that are harmful to environment:1.Acid Rain2.Greenhouse Gases3.Effects of Air Pollution


Air Pollution


Air Pollution


II. Water Pollution- defined as the physical or chemical changes in the surface and ground water caused by pollutants that can adversely affect living organisms.

Causes:1.Sewage2.Garbage3.Chemicals dumped by industries4.Oil spill by transport ships


Effects:1.Kills life that inhabits the water2.Pollution disrupt the natural food chain3.Humans are affected4.Ecosystems can be severely changed or destroyed by water pollution.




III. Solid Waste/Land Pollution/Soil Pollution2 Principal Sources1.Solid waste from mining operation2.By-products of agriculture- includes animal manure and waste from slaughtered animals


Causes of Solid Waste/Land Pollution1.Overpopulation on earth2.Overproduction of packaging materials , bullets,diapers and other non-biodegradable materials.3.Medical wastes/infectious waste4.Household waste, both bio- and non-biodegradable.


The 4 R’s of Waste Management1.Reduce- avoid wasteful consumption of goods.- Ask yourself the question: “Do I really need it?”1.Reuse- whenever practicable , reuse items that are useful rather than throwing away.2.Recycle- the process whereby portions of waste portions of wastes are worked out and used


4. Repair- whenever items that are reusable needs repair to make it functional , repair instead of throwing it.

IV. Noise Pollution-Simply defined as unwanted sound.-It may be soft but unpleasant-It may be good music but played loud


V. Radiation and Its Harmful EffectsIncludes visible light, Ultraviolet Rays, X-rays and rays from radioactive elements.

Radiation that penetrates the human body is harmful.


References:

NSTP Handbook SBC

G. Tyler Miller , et al. Introduction to Environmental Science . 2009


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Thank you!!!