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Environmental Precaution, Regulation, Initiatives & Practical Implication in RMG industry of Bangladesh
What is Environment?
The environment is something you are very familiar with. It's everything that makes up our surroundings and affects our ability to live on the earth—the air we breathe, the water that covers most of the earth's surface, the plants and animals around us, and much more.
Major Environmental Issues facing Bangladesh• Lack of waste management and occupational health
and safety measures.• Degradation of resources (inadequate policies)• Conflict of development with environment; illiteracy
vs. ignorance• Pollution of water, air and soil• Destruction of mangrove, tree cover and firewood• Unplanned urbanization and industrialization• Loss of wildlife• Natural hazards (also to include river erosion)• Contamination of ground water• Ground water depletion • Resource inefficient production processes• Unavailability of Natural Gas and resources
Environmental Precaution for RMG Industry
Promotion of Social and Environmental Standards (PSES) contributes to the sustainable development of the RMG industry in Bangladesh by promoting: • International and national environmental laws, standards and codes
• Environmental management systems .• Eco-Labeling and environmentally friendly factories
• Energy saving measures.
Environmental Regulation for RMG industry
There are numerous criteria to save our environment. We can save our environment by implementing several national and international laws , standards, or by taken several measures specially for RMG Industry of Bangladesh. The measures are considering as a regulation of environment given below –• ISO 14000 series• The Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995• The Environment Conservation Rules, 1997• The Bangladesh Environment Conservation (Amendment) Act, 2010
• Other National & International Standards such as WRAP,BSCI, ETI etc.
ISO -14000 and Its SeriesISO 14000 is a series of environmental management standards developed and published by the International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) for organizations. The ISO 14000 standards provide a guideline or framework for organizations that need to systematize and improve their environmental management efforts. The ISO -14000 series contains the following Guidelines:-• ISO-14001- Specifications of environment management system.• ISO-14004-Guideline standard• ISO-14010 through ISO -14015-Enviromental auditing and
related activities• ISO-14020 through ISO -14024-Enviromental labeling• ISO-14031 through ISO -14032-Enviromental performance
evaluation• ISO -14040 through ISO -14043-life cycle assessment• ISO -14050-terms and definitions
ISO-14001
Among from the ISO series ,ISO -14001 Specifications of environment management system. plays a vital role to create better environment. it can be defines as - The ISO 14001 standard is the most important standard within the ISO 14000 series. ISO 14001 specifies the requirements of an environmental management system (EMS) for small to large organizations. An EMS is a systemic approach to handling environmental issues within an organization.
The Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995
1. Short title and commencement2. Definitions2A. Overriding effect of the Act3. Department of Environment4. Power and functions of the Director General4A. Assistance from law enforcing agencies and other authorities5. Declaration of ecologically critical area6. Restrictions regarding vehicles emitting smoke injurious to environment6A. Restrictions on manufacture, sale etc. of articles injurious to environment7. Remedial measures for injury to ecosystem8. Information to the Director General regarding environmental degradation or pollution
9. Discharge of excessive environnemental polluant etc.10. Power of entry etc.11. Power to collect samples etc.12. Environmental clearance13. Formulation of environmental guidelines14. Appeal15. Penalties15A.Confiscation of materials and equipment's involved in offence15A. Claim for compensation16. Offences committed by companies17. Cognizance of offence and claim for compensation18. Action taken in good faith19. Delegation of Power20. Power to make rules21. Repeal and saving
The Environment Conservation Rules, 19971Short Title2. Definitions3. Declaration of Ecologically Critical Area4. Vehicles emitting smoke injurious to health and otherwise harmful5. Application relating to pollution or degradation of environment6. Notice for collection of Sample7. Procedure for issuing Environmental Clearance Certificate7A. Procedure for issuance of Pollution under Control Certificate7B. Restriction on importation etc. of catalytic converter and diesel particulate filter8. Validity period of Environmental Clearance Certificate9. Appeal10. Procedure to be followed by Appellate Authority11. Procedure for hearing of appeal12. Determination of environmental standards13. Determination of the standards for discharge and emission of waste14. Fees for Environmental Clearance Certificate and its renewal15. Various services and their fees16. Procedure for payment of fees17. Information of special incidentFORM-1 Application for remedy
FORM-2 Notice of intention for collection of sampleFORM-3 Application for Environmental Clearance CertificateFORM-4 Pollution under Control Certificate week SCHEDULE-1 Classification of industrial units or projects basedon its location and impact on environment.SCHEDULE-2 Standards for AirSCHEDULE-3 Standards for WaterSCHEDULE-4 Standards for SoundSCHEDULE-5 Standards for Sound originating from MotorVehicles or Mechanized VesselsSCHEDULE-6 Standards for Emission from Motor VehiclesSCHEDULE-7 Standards for Emission from Mechanized VesselsSCHEDULE-8 Standards for OdorSCHEDULE-9 Standards for Sewage DischargeSCHEDULE-10 Standards for Waste from Industrial Units or Projects wasteSCHEDULE-11 Standards for Gaseous Emission from Industries or ProjectsSCHEDULE-12 Standards for Sector-wise Industrial Effluent or EmissionSCHEDULE-13 Fees for Environmental Clearance Certificate or RenewalSCHEDULE-14 Fees to be realized by the Department of Environment for supplying various analytical information or data or test results of samples of water, effluent, air and sound.
WRAP Environmental RequirementsFacilities will comply with environmental rules, regulations and standards applicable to their operations, and will observe environmentally conscious practices in all locations where they operate.Facilities will ensure compliance with all applicable legally mandated environmental standards, and should demonstrate a commitment to protecting the environment by actively monitoring their environmental practices. In particular, facilities will ensure proper waste management, including monitoring the disposal of any waste material - whether solid, liquid or gaseous - to ensure such disposal is done safely and in a manner consistent with all relevant laws.
Environmental Sustainable Initiatives Taken by our RMG industry
The major motivation for factories to adopt more environmentally friendly practices and policies has been the emergence of a global market niche that values factories that go beyond just meeting standard compliances to adhering to higher environmental standards. Going green has competitive advantage in cases where buyers seeking to appeal to this niche are willing to offer some form of incentive to factories that promise lower emission products. Advocates claim that the short-term costs for adopting green growth initiatives such as reducing emissions pays off in the long-term, thanks to more efficient usage of resources. The major challenge is that companies tend to view this approach as simply incurring extra costs as the longer-term benefits are not immediately visible. The result so far is only the factories on top of the capability pyramid have started thinking of going green as they can afford to invest in leveraging negotiations with the elite buyers. The steps taken by our factories are given below-
Taken Initiatives by our RMG industry
• IFC-SEDF -cleaner production. • Water PaCT• TREES -Environmental Performance improvement project with
German International Co-operation. • Textile Technology Business Centre (TTBC)• Textile Sustainability Platform (TSP)• Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals (ZDHC) • Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) • Research on sustainability• Cluster based CETP• Partnership with world class technology providers• GREEN Factory building• Policy revisiting • Best practice by factories BGMEA as the apex trade body of Ready
Made Garments • Garments sector has already taken a number of initiatives under
its umbrella TREES (Toward Resource Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability)
• Environmental Performance improvement project with German International Co-operation.
IFC-SEDF- Cleaner production (CP)
• CP is a preventive, company-specific initiative intended to minimize use of inputs such as energy, water, raw material; reduce waste and emissions.
• Implemented in 18 factories and consist of :– Conducting a baseline assessment of water and energy consumption– Identifying potential to manage and mitigate environmental pollution
(short/medium/long term)– Supporting factories to implement Corrective Action Plan– Forming User Groups– Evaluation– Supporting market uptake
• leads to minimizing waste and pollution at source, and increase profit and sustainability.
PaCT- A unique Partnership
Brands•Sustainability•De-risk Supply chain•Design and sourcing decisions
Factory•Cleaner production•Sustainable growth
•water, energy, and chemical
Policy•Conducive policy•addressing policy gaps in the regulatory environment
Access to Green Finance
is a joint initiative, working with the textile wet processing sector towards the adoption of Cleaner Production (CP) practices.Builds on four pillars:
http://www.textilepact.net
PaCT (Partnership for Cleaner Textile)• 75 factories are undergoing Basic
CP assessment
basic Cleaner production assessment on how a factory can incorporate cleaner processes that lead to a water-footprint reduction by adopting low or no-cost measures.This also includes Operational Health and Safety (OHS) and Water and Sanitation (WASH) improvements.
• 56 factories are undergoing Deep Divesinvolves hardcore engineering assessments that take into account of dyeing, finishing, laundry processes and utilities. It helps factories to significantly reduce the water, waste water, sludge, carbon footprint and improve environmental performance and production efficiency.
56Deep Dive
75Basic CP
131Factories being
intervened
Textile Technology Business Centre
• IFC and BGMEA jointly set up TTBC.• TTBC is a Knowledge centre act as a platform to collaborate between industry and academy.
• Provide unbiased information to factories on technology.
• Match making between service providers and industry.
• Act as a depository of knowledge on best practice in the area of environmental sustainability.
TREES• Factories which are challenged in the area of
environmental sustainability• Being implemented in 10 factories, 5 non-wet and 5
wet processing factories.• Involves, detailed environmental assessment of
factories, energy audit and provide action plan to minimize impact and maximize efficiency.
• Provide custom made solutions to improve– WaSH (Water Sanitation and Hygiene)– Waste management– Carbon emission reduction– Water footprint– Chemical management– EMS (Environmental Management System)– Other areas as per factory requirements.
TREES, Toward Resource Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability• TREES is the BGMEA’s initiative, an umbrella under which BGMEA runs several programs.
• PaCT (Partnership agreement for Cleaner textile project) being implemented in 102 wet processing factories.
• Another project are being implemented at 10 factories on specific geographic clusters collaboration with GIZ.
• These factories are tier two factories, never been intervened by any development projects before.
Z Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals
• A group of major apparel and footwear brands and retailers made a shared commitment to help lead the industry towards zero discharge of hazardous chemicals by 2020.
Working on 7 specific work stream as below:• Chemical hazard assessment, prioritization and action• Training and capacity develpment• Right to know• Assessments and audits• Chemicals management best practices• Stakeholder partnering• Management systems approach, structure and documentation
Bridging Technology and Service Providers• BGMEA bridging with world best
technology providers like CE Environment Group, Novozymes, Alfa laval etc.
• We have organized training on Environmental Compliance ,energy efficiency etc with AQM and EHS+ School
Participants of the training program on Environmental Compliance with Sr. Vice President BGMEA
Green Factory• Already 21 factories have achieved LEED certification as green
factory from USGBC.• Around 100 factories have been registered in LEED and are
proceeding for green factories.• We have the highest rated LEED Platinum RMG in the world
that got 92 points out of 110.
Major Policy changes
• Implementing Zero Liquid Discharge has been identified as KPI of Department of Environment.
• A draft sludge management guideline has been made
• Low cost green finance has been made available for the factories
• Efficiency of captive power generator has to be increase up to 60%. (Through Cogeneration, EGB, heat recovery etc.)
Textile Technology Business Centre (TTBC):
• IFC and BGMEA jointly set up TTBC.• TTBC is a Knowledge centre act as a platform to collaborate between industry and academy.
• Provide unbiased information to factories on technology.
• Match making between service providers and industry.
• Act as a depository of knowledge on best practice in the area of environmental sustainability.
Voluntary Actions By factories• Apart from the legal and buyer compliance factories are implementing
a numbers of best practices to improve their efficiency and sustainability;
• Rain Water Harvesting• Reduce, Reuse, Recycle of water• ODS (Ozone layer depleting substance) inventory• Energy saving by awareness raising (CPI2)• Use of renewable energy (solar panel)• Prismatic skylight• T5 and LED light• Cogeneration• Condensate recovery boiler• Sustainability reporting and etc.
Comparative Study of Compliance & Non- Compliance RMG Factories in Bangladesh Considering Environmental factors
This study between complaint and non- complaint RMG factories in Bangladesh in respect of Initial Investment, Initial cost for Compliances, Total running cost, Running cost for compliance and Annual turn over . The practical investigation and collected data represent that the Annual turn over for complaint factories is much higher than non- complaint factories for same volume of investment including the cost involved for compliance. In this research work 10 RMG factories have been taken as data source, from which 5 are compliant and another 5 are non –compliant factories.the list compliant and non-complaint factories are given below-
List of Compliance factory
Factory Name Certified By List of Non-Compliance factory
Factory Name Certified By
Shine Fashion (Pvt.) Limited BSCI Harun Garments Industry N/A
Mascot Garments Industries ISO Alim Knitwear Limited N/A
ZAARA Composite Limited ISO Green Knit Wear Limited N/A
Knit Plus Limited ISO Step Two Garments N/A
Knit Asia Limited WRAP Texcon Textile Limited N/A
Type Factory Name Initial Investment (US$ in Million)
Initial Investment for Compliance (US$ in Million)
Total Running Cost/Year (US$ in
Million)
Running Cost for Compliance/year (US$ in Million)
Annual Turn Over (US$ in
Million
Compliance
Factory
Shine Fashion 0.30531 0.04375 0.17352 0.00336 1
Mascot Knits Ltd.
0.28476 0.00952 0.16234 0.00108 1
Zaara Composite
0.28088 0.00357 0.19988 0.00072 0.917
Knit Plus Ltd. 0.27482 0.00071 0.19656 0.00168 0.875
Knit Asia Ltd. 0.27383 0.00029 0.15941 0.00084 0.95
Non-complian
ce Factory
Harun Garments Ltd.
0.09214 0.0443 0.267
Alim Knit Wear Ltd.
0.113095 0.06443 0.25
Green Knit Wear
0.1514 0.06428 0.35
Steps two garments ltd
0.12286 0.06309 0.3
Texcon Textile Ltd.
0.14275 0.06468 0.375
Closing Thoughts
If we maintain above three instruction during the process of our RMG Industry ,hope that our sustainable issues will be reduced ,Because there is no -