59
ENGLISH - AMERICAN LITERATURE

English-American Literature

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

English-American

Citation preview

Page 1: English-American Literature

ENGLISH -AMERICAN

LITERATURE

Page 2: English-American Literature

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

commonly known as the  United Kingdom (UK)

or Britain

Page 3: English-American Literature
Page 4: English-American Literature

Great Britain

also known as Britain•It is the ninth largest island in the world

•Is made up of 3 countries - England, Scotland, and Wales 

Page 5: English-American Literature
Page 6: English-American Literature

British Commonwealth•An association of nations consisting

of the United Kingdom and several former British colonies that are now sovereign states but still pay allegiance to the British Crown.

Page 7: English-American Literature
Page 8: English-American Literature

ENGLAND

Page 9: English-American Literature

ENGLAND

•The name "England" is derived from the Old English name ENGLALAND, which means “LAND OF THE ANGLES"

Page 10: English-American Literature

ENGLAND• Is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

•It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from Continental Europe.

Page 11: English-American Literature
Page 12: English-American Literature

ENGLAND

•Its capital city is London

•Largest country on Great Britain

Page 13: English-American Literature

English- American

Literary Period

Page 14: English-American Literature

Old English(or Anglo-Saxon) 450-1066

•Few surviving texts with little in common.•Language closer to modern German than modern English.•Frequently reflect non-English influence.•Beowulf, “The Wanderer”

Page 15: English-American Literature

Middle English (1066-1500)•Works frequently of a religiously didactic content.•Written for performance at court or for festivals.•Geoffrey Chaucer (The Canterbury Tales)• “The Cuckoo’s Song”, mystery plays

Page 16: English-American Literature

English Renaissance (1500-1660)•Influence of Aristotle, Ovid, and other Greco-Roman thinkers, as well as science and exploration.•Primarily texts for public performance (plays, masques) and some books of poetry.•William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson, Francis Bacon, John Fletcher, Francis Beaumont.

Page 17: English-American Literature

Neoclassical Period(Enlightenment/Age of Reason)England 1660-1785 America 1750-1800•Reaction to the expansiveness of the Renaissance in the direction of order and restraint.•Developed in France (Moliere, Rousseau, Voltaire).

Page 18: English-American Literature

•Emphasized classical ideals of rationality and control (human nature is constant through time).•Art should reflect the universal commonality of human nature. (“All men are created equal.”)•Reason is emphasized as the highest faculty (Deism).

Neoclassical Period(Enlightenment/Age of Reason)

Page 19: English-American Literature

Neoclassical Period•Writing should be well structured, emotion should be controlled, and emphasize qualities like wit.•England: John Locke, John Milton (Paradise Lost), Alexander Pope (Essay on Man), Jonathon Swift (Gulliver’s Travels), Henry Fielding (Tom Jones), Daniel Defoe (Robinson Crusoe), Jane Austen (Sense and Sensibility, Emma, Pride and Prejudice).

Page 20: English-American Literature

•America: Benjamin Franklin (Poor Richard’s Almanack, autobiography), Thomas Paine (“Common Sense”), Thomas Jefferson (“The Declaration of Independence”), James Madison (“The Constitution of the United States”).

Page 21: English-American Literature

Romantic PeriodEngland 1785-1830 America 1800-1860•Reaction against the scientific rationality of Neoclassicism and the Industrial Revolution.•Developed in Germany (Kant, Goethe).•Emphasized individuality, intuition, imagination, idealism, nature (as opposed to society & social order).

Page 22: English-American Literature

•Elevation of the common man (folklore, myth).•Mystery and the supernatural.

Romantic Period

•England: Robert Burns (“To a Mouse”), William Blake (Songs of Innocence, Songs of Experience), William Wordsworth (Lyrical Ballads, “Tintern Abbey,” “Intimations of Immortality,” “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”), Samuel Taylor Coleridge (“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” “Kubla Kahn”), Lord Byron (“Don Juan”), Percy Bysshe Shelley (“Ozymandias”), Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (Frankenstein), John Keats (“Ode on a Grecian Urn”), Sir Walter Scott (Ivanhoe).

Page 23: English-American Literature

Romantic PeriodAmerica: Washington Irving (“Rip Van Winkle,” “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”), Edgar Allan Poe (“The Raven,” Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque, “The Murders in the Rue Morgue,” “The Philosophy of Composition”), James Fennimore Cooper (The Last of the Mohicans), Herman Melville (Moby-Dick, Billy Budd), Nathaniel Hawthorne (Twice-Told Tales, The Scarlet Letter), William Cullen Bryant (“To a Waterfowl”), Oliver Wendell Holmes (“The Chambered Nautilus”), Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (“Paul Revere’s Ride”), James Russell Lowell (“The First Snowfall”).

Page 24: English-American Literature

American Transcendentalism (Romantic philosophy)Named for the core belief that our spiritual nature transcends rationality and religious doctrine; thus, it is found in intuition.Developed in New England, influenced by Eastern philosophy.Pro-suffrage & abolitionist.Ralph Waldo Emerson (Nature, “The American Scholar”), Henry David Thoreau (Walden, “Civil Disobedience”), Walt Whitman (Leaves of Grass).

Page 25: English-American Literature

Victorian Period (England 1832-1901)

•Named for the reign of Queen Victoria, Britain’s longest reigning monarch.•Period of stability and prosperity for Britain.•British society extremely class conscious.•Literature seen as a bridge between Romanticism and Modernism.•Generally emphasized realistic portrayals of common people, sometimes to promote social change.•Some writers continue to explore gothic themes begun in Romantic Period.

Page 26: English-American Literature

Victorian PeriodCharles Dickens (David Copperfield, Oliver Twist, Great Expectations), George Eliot (Middlemarch), Thomas Hardy (Tess of the D’Ubervilles), Robert Louis Stevenson (The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde), Rudyard Kipling (Jungle Book), Lewis Carroll (Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland), Charlotte Brontë (Jane Eyre), Emily Brontë (Wuthering Heights), Alfred, Lord Tennyson (In Memoriam), Elizabeth Barrett Browning (Sonnets from the Portuguese), Robert Browning (“My Last Duchess”), Matthew Arnold (“Dover Beach”), Oscar Wilde (The Importance of Being Earnest).

Page 27: English-American Literature

Realistic Period America 1860-1914

•Reaction against Romantic values (Civil War).•Developed in France (Balzac, Flaubert, Zola).•Emphasized the commonplace and ordinary (as opposed to the romanticized individual).•Sought to depict life as it was, not idealized.•Mark Twain (The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn), Ambrose Bierce (“An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge”), William Dean Howells (A Modern Instance), Theodore Dreiser (Sister Carrie).

Page 28: English-American Literature

Realistic Period •Naturalism – hyper-realism•Named for the belief that man is simply a higher order animal, and thus under the same natural constraints and limitations as other animals.•Controlled by heredity and environment.•Stephen Crane (Maggie: A Girl of the Street, The Red Badge of Courage), Jack London (“To Build a Fire”), Upton Sinclair (The Jungle).

Page 29: English-American Literature

Edwardian Period (England 1901-1914)

•Named for King Edward.•Some see as a continuation of Victorian Period; however, the status quo is increasingly threatened.•Distinction between literature and popular fiction.

Page 30: English-American Literature

•Joseph Conrad (Lord Jim, Heart of Darkness), H.G. Wells (War of the Worlds), E.M. Forster (A Room with a View, A Passage to India), George Bernard Shaw (Major Barbara), A.C. Bradley (Shakespearean Tragedy).

Edwardian Period (England 1901-1914)

Page 31: English-American Literature

Modern Period (1914-1945)•Reaction against the values which led to WWI.•Influenced by Schopenhauer (“negation of the will”), Nietzsche (Beyond Good and Evil), Kierkegaard (Fear and Trembling), as well as Darwin and Marx.•If previous values are invalid, art is a tool to establish new values (Pound: “Make it new”).•Writers experiment with form.•Form and content reflect the confusion and vicissitudes of modern life.•Expositions and resolutions are omitted; themes are implied rather than stated.

Page 32: English-American Literature

Modern Period (1914-1945)Poetry:Ezra Pound (The Fourth Canto), T.S. Eliot (Prufrock and other Observations, The Waste Land, “The Hollow Men”), W.B. Yeats (The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems, The Swans at Coole), H.D. (“Pear Tree”), Wallace Stevens (Harmonium), William Carlos Williams (“The Red Wheelbarrow,” “This Is Just to Say”), Robert Frost (Mending Wall, The Road Not Taken).

Page 33: English-American Literature

Modern Period (1914-1945)Fiction:James Joyce (Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man), Franz Kafka (The Metamorphosis, The Trial, The Castle), Ernest Hemingway (In Our Time, The Sun Also Rises), William Faulkner (As I Lay Dying, The Sound and the Fury), F. Scott Fitzgerald (The Great Gatsby), John Steinbeck (The Grapes of Wrath), Thornton Wilder (Our Town, The Bridge at San Luis Rey), D.H. Lawrence (The Rainbow), Virginia Woolf (Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse).

Page 34: English-American Literature

Post-Modern Period (1945-?) •Critical dispute over whether an actual period or a renewal and continuation Modernism post-WWII.•Influenced by Freud, Sartre, Camus, Derrida, and Foucault.•Deconstruction: Text has no inherent meaning; meaning derives from the tension between the text’s ambiguities and contradictions revealed upon close reading.•Some believe it leads directly to the counter-cultural revolution of the 1960s.

Page 35: English-American Literature

Post-Modern Period (1945-?) Samuel Beckett (Waiting for Godot), Gabriel Garcia Marques (One Hundred Years of Solitude), William Burroughs (Naked Lunch), J.D. Salinger (A Catcher in the Rye), Kurt Vonnegut (Slaughterhouse Five), Thomas Pynchon (Gravity’s Rainbow), John Updike (Rabbit Run), Phillip Roth (Portnoy’s Complaint, American Pastoral), J.M. Coetzee (Life & Times of Michael K), Joyce Carol Oates (“Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?”), Margaret Atwood (The Handmaiden’s Tale), Cormac McCarthy (Blood Meridian), Allen Ginsberg (Howl and Other Poems), Charles Bukowski (The Last Night of the Earth Poems).

Page 36: English-American Literature

FAMOUS LANDMARKS

INENGLAND

Page 37: English-American Literature

White Cliffs of Dover

Page 38: English-American Literature

BUCKINGHAM PALACE

Page 39: English-American Literature

ST. PAUL CATHEDRAL

Page 40: English-American Literature

Kings College, Cambridge

Page 41: English-American Literature

BEN CLOCK

Page 42: English-American Literature

COAST OF CORNWALL

Page 43: English-American Literature

NATIONAL GALLERY OF LONDON

Page 44: English-American Literature

BRITISH MUSEUM

Page 45: English-American Literature

CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL

Page 46: English-American Literature

IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM

Page 47: English-American Literature

LAKE DISTRICT

Page 48: English-American Literature

STONE HENGE

Page 49: English-American Literature

YORK MINISTER

Page 50: English-American Literature

HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT

Page 51: English-American Literature

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL

Page 52: English-American Literature

WINDSOR CASTLE

Page 53: English-American Literature

STRATFORD UPON AVON

Page 54: English-American Literature

TATE MODERN

Page 55: English-American Literature

WESTMINSTER ABBEY

Page 56: English-American Literature

TOWER BRIDGE

Page 57: English-American Literature

LONDON EYE

Page 58: English-American Literature
Page 59: English-American Literature