Grammar Week ReviewMs. Dymek

TO REVIEW…Circle the SUBJECT in the Sentence.

Underline the VERB/PREDICATE.

The alien picked his nose.

SUBJECT=Alien

VERB/PREDICATE=picked

REMEMBER…

A Subject is the person, place, or thing

DOING the action.

A Verb is something you can DO.

Identify the subjects and verbs of each sentence

Circle the subject. Underline the verbs.

1. Celine Dion sings really high notes.

2. Wayne ate the pepperoni quiche.

3. I had to go to the grocery store to buy cottage cheese.

How did you do?

1. Celine Dion sings really high notes.

2. Wayne ate the pepperoni quiche.

3. I had to go to the grocery store to buy cottage cheese.

What about in these sentences?

1.Celine Dion and Mariah Carey sing really high notes.

2.Wayne and Dwayne ate the pepperoni quiche.

3.Sheila and I had to leave the party and drive to McDonalds.

How did you do?

1.Celine Dion and Mariah Carey sing really high notes.

2.Wayne and Dwayne ate the pepperoni quiche.

3.Sheila and I had to leave the party and drive to McDonalds.

Compound Subjects and VerbsCompound Subject means that MORE

THAN ONE NOUN (person, place, or thing) is doing the action.

Ex. Wayne and Dwayne ate the pepperoni quiche.

Compound Verb means that there is MORE THAN ONE ACTION.

Ex. Wayne ate the pepperoni quiche and puked.

Identify the compound subjects and compound verbs in each sentence

1. Francine and Henrietta couldn’t sleep because of Gertrude’s snoring at the slumber party.

2. Francine went to lunch and ate her Cheetos, but Henrietta had detention.

3. Gertrude and Henrietta had to clean and polish the silver while Francine made tea and sat outside.

How did you do??

1. Francine and Henrietta couldn’t sleep because of Gertrude’s snoring at the slumber party.

2. Francine went to lunch and ate her Cheetos, but Henrietta had detention.

3. Gertrude and Henrietta had to clean and polish the silver while Francine made tea and sat outside.

Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences

Simple sentence has one independent clause.

Compound sentence joins together two or more independent clausesClauses joined by FANBOYS

Complex sentence joins together at least one independent clause and at least one dependent clausealways has a subordinator such as because,

since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which.

Identify the different sentences

1. After they clipped their coupons, Francine, Gertrude, and Henrietta went to the movies.

2. Gertrude, who cannot hear very well, talked very loudly throughout the entire movie.

3. Francine and Henrietta got really mad at Gertrude.

4. Gertrude did not understand why Francine and Henrietta got mad at her, but she enjoyed the movie anyway.

5. Francine and Henrietta were relieved when Gertrude went to get popcorn.

How did you do??1. After they clipped their coupons, Francine,

Gertrude, and Henrietta went to the movies. COMPLEX

2. Gertrude, who cannot hear very well, talked very loudly throughout the entire movie. COMPLEX

3. Francine and Henrietta got really mad at Gertrude. SIMPLE

4. Gertrude did not understand why Francine and Henrietta got mad at her, but she enjoyed the movie anyway. COMPOUND

5. Francine and Henrietta were relieved when Gertrude went to get popcorn. COMPLEX

Combine the following sentence. First into a compound, then into a complex sentence.

1. a. Gertrude sat on the bench.

b. Gertrude sat in gum.

2. a. Francine went to buy a feather boa.

b. The store was out of boas.

3. a. Henrietta could not get her hair dry.

b. Her electricity was out.

c. She wore a bright pink hat.

Compound Sentences1. Gertrude sat on the bench, and she sat in gum.

2. Francine went to buy a feather boa, but the store was out of them.

3. Henrietta could not get her hair dry, for the electricity was out, so she wore a bright pink hat.

What are the yellow words? Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS)

FOR AND NOR BUT OR YET SO

Complex Sentences

1. When Gertrude sat on the bench, she sat in gum.

2. Although Francine went to buy a feather boa, the store was out of them.

3. Henrietta, who wore a bright pink hat, could not get her hair dry when the electricity was out.

What are the purple words?

SUBORDINATOR= because, since, after, although, or when

RELATIVE PRONOUN = that, who, which.

What’s wrong with this sentence?

Trying to take a nap, the television was on while Casey shut her eyes.

What is the modifier? Trying to take a nap

What is being modified? Casey

How does this need to be rewritten?

Trying to take a nap, Casey shut her eyes while the television was on.

Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers

Modifiers (just like adjectives) are meant to describe a noun in the

sentence. Sometimes…

Modifiers are not placed appropriatelyOR

There may not be anyone/thing to receive the modifyingOR

they are too far away from the noun they are describing

This leads to an unclear and silly sounding sentence…and we wouldn’t want that, of course.

For Example…

Sizzling on the grill, Theo smelled the salmon.

What is your modifier? Sizzling on the grill

Now ask yourself this…WHO OR WHAT IS DOING THIS SIZZLING ON THE GRILL?

Theo? No! The salmon is!

How can this be revised so Theo is not the one sizzling on the grill? (Ouch!)

Theo smelled the salmon sizzling on the grill.

OR

Sizzling on the grill, the salmon was smelled by Theo.

Revise the following sentences for clarity by rearranging the placement of the modifiers

1. The living room was a disaster, not having realized that Casey had been out of her kennel for the entire day.

2. Having bought the puppy chow, it needed to be locked in the pantry.

3. Piled up next to the front door, Casey loved chewing on the shoes.

I LOVESHOES!

How did you do?

The living room was a disaster, not having realized that Casey had been out of her kennel for the entire day.

What’s the modifier? not having realized that Casey had been out of her kennel for the entire day

What’s being modified? WE DON’T KNOW! Who or what is doing the realizing?

How can this be revised?

The living room was a disaster because we did not realize that Casey had been out of her kennel for the

entire day.

How did you do?Having bought the puppy chow, it needed

to be locked in the pantry.

What’s the modifier? Having bought the puppy chow

Who or what is being modified? WE DON’T KNOW! We do not know how bought the

puppy chow or who is going to be locking it in the pantry!

How can this be revised?

Having bought the puppy chow, I needed to lock it in the pantry.

How did you do?

Piled up next to the front door, Casey loved chewing on the shoes.

What is the modifier? Piled up next to the front door

Who or what is being modified? SHOES

(Casey is not piled up next to the front door. Duh.)

Casey loved chewing on the shoes piled up next to the front door.

YOU DON’T KNOW ME!!

Other Types of Modifiers

Does this sound weird to you?

The magazine is wrinkled from shower steam on the bathroom floor.

Where is this magazine? On the bathroom floor

HOWEVER…this sentence says that the STEAM is on the bathroom floor.

How can this be revised?

The magazine on the bathroom floor is wrinkled from shower steam.

Prepositional Phrases as Modifiers

Prepositional Phrases tell you either:How, When, or Where (ADV)

ORWhich one? (ADJ)

Before class, Rudolph begged his friends for a pencil.When did Rudolph do his begging? Before class

The note from George confessed that he had eaten the leftover pizza.

Which note? The one from George (ADJECTIVE)

Just a head’s up—you will NEVER find the subject of the sentence in the prepositional phrase

Revise these sentences for clarity by rearranging the prepositional phrases and what they modify

1. Abraham Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg Address while traveling from Washington to Gettysburg on the back of an envelope.

2. The two sisters were reunited after 18 years at the checkout counter.

3. One morning, I shot an elephant in my pajamas.

How did you do?1. Abraham Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg Address while

traveling from Washington to Gettysburg on the back of an envelope.

Abraham Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg Address on the back of an envelope while traveling from Washington to Gettysburg.

2. The two sisters were reunited after 18 years at the checkout counter.

The two sisters were reunited at the checkout counter after 18 years.

3. One morning, I shot an elephant in my pajamas. (How the elephant got in my pajamas, I’ll never know.)

One morning, while in my pajamas, I shot an elephant.

ParticiplesParticiples come in two varieties: past and present. They are

two of the five forms or principal parts that every verb has.

Another way of saying present participle is present progressive, or that it is currently happening. It will always

end with –ing 100% of the time.

Verb Simple Present

Simple Past

Past Participle

Present Participle

Infinitive

Giggle Giggle Giggled Giggled Giggling To giggle

Bring Bring(s) Brought Brought Bringing To Bring

Sing Sine Sung Sung Singing To Sing

ParticiplesParticiples have 3 functions: As part of a verbAs an adjectiveAs a noun

AS A VERB EXAMPLE: With a broom, Mrs. Olsen was beating our alligator over the head

in an attempt to retrieve her poodle from the reptile’s jaws.Was = helping verb; beating = present participle.

AS AN ADJECTIVE EXAMPLE:The crying baby drew a long breath and sucked in a spider

crouching in the corner of the crib.Which baby? The crying baby. Which spider? The one that was

crouching in the corner.

EXAMPLE AS A NOUN:We gave bungee jumping a chance.

Underline the Participles

1. The mangled pair of sunglasses, bruised face, broken arm, and bleeding knees meant Janet had taken another spill on her mountain bike.

2. Sneezing exhausts Steve, who requires eight tissues and twenty-seven Gesundheits before he is done.

3. Our pet alligator should have been eating Gator Chow, crunchy nuggets that Billy leaves for him in a bowl.

4. Joelle bit her tongue instead of criticizing her prom date's powder blue tuxedo.

How did you do?

1. The mangled pair of sunglasses, bruised face, broken arm, and bleeding knees meant Janet had taken another spill on her mountain bike.

2. Sneezing exhausts Steve, who requires eight tissues and twenty-seven Gesundheits before he is done.

3. Our pet alligator should have been eating Gator Chow, crunchy nuggets that Billy leaves for him in a bowl.

4. Joelle bit her tongue instead of criticizing her prom date's powder blue tuxedo.

Pronouns and Antecedents

Pronouns can replaced another noun.

Antecedent is what the pronoun refers to.

Examples: Casey is a yellow lab. She is my

brother’s dog.

Casey=AntecedentShe=Pronoun

Harry Potter is a popular series. They are my favorite books.

Pronouns and Antecedents

When writing, we have to make sure that pronouns and antecedents agree.

They must agree in the following ways:

Person refers to the quality of being.

Number is singular (one) and plural (many).

Gender is masculine or feminine.

Example:

Incorrect: If a person wants to be successful, you have

to eat lots of spinach.

The pronoun (you) and the antecedent (person) do not match.

Correct:If a person wants to be successful, he or she

has to eat lots of spinach.OR

If you want to be successful, you have to eat lots of spinach.

Choose the best way to revise the following sentences to show agreement between a pronoun and its antecedent. Some may already be correct.

1. Is everyone happy with their gift?

2. One of the boys had tears in their eyes.

3. Everyone has his or her own way of organizing.

4. A person needs to learn how to read or you will not do very well in school.

How did you do?1. Is everyone happy with their gift? INCORRECT

everyone/his or her

2. One of the boys had tears in their eyes. INCORRECT

One/his

3. Everyone has his or her own way of organizing. CORRECT

4. A person needs to learn how to read or you will not do very well in school. INCORRECT

Person/he or she OR you/you

Active Voice

The subject is doing the verb

Example:

Casey is tearing up the pillow.

(Pillow is our direct object)

How dare you! I would never!

So…What’s Passive Voice?

The direct object becomes the subject.

Active Voice: Casey is tearing up the pillow

Passive Voice: The pillow is being torn up by Casey.

Passive voice is not typically used because it may be unclear; however, there are times when it is the better

choice.

Turn These Passive Voice Sentences into Active Voice Sentences

1. The juicy hamburger was eaten by Giorgio.

2. It was heard by me through the grapevine.

3. The 1812 Overture was written by Tchaikovsky.

4. An iguana is being held by me.

5. Frankenstein’s monster was liked by no one.

How Did You Do?1. Giorgio ate the juicy

hamburger.

2. I heard it through the grapevine.

3. Tchaikovsky wrote The 1812 Overture.

4. I am holding an iguana.

5. No one liked Frankenstein’s monster.