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Origins of Origins of DramaDramaThe word The word dramadrama comes comes from the from the Greek verb Greek verb dran, dran, which which means “to means “to do.”do.”
The earliest known The earliest known plays . . .plays . . .were written around were written around the fifth century B.C. the fifth century B.C.
produced for festivals produced for festivals to honor Dionysus.to honor Dionysus.
Like the plot of a story, the plot of a play involves characters who face a problem or conflict.
Dramatic StructureDramatic Structure
Climaxpoint of highest tension;action determines how the conflict will be resolved
Resolutionconflict is resolved;play ends
Complicationstension builds
Expositioncharacters and conflict are introduced
Dramatic StructureDramatic Structure ConflictConflict is is a a struggle or struggle or clash between clash between opposing opposing characters or characters or forces. A forces. A conflict may conflict may develop . . .develop . . .
between characters between characters who want different who want different things or the same things or the same thingthing
between a between a character and his or character and his or her circumstancesher circumstances
A tragedy is a play that ends unhappily.
• Tragedies pit human limitations against the larger forces of destiny.
right and wrong
justice and injustice
life and death
TragedyTragedy
• Most classic Greek tragedies deal with serious, universal themes such as
A comedy is a play that ends happily. The plot usually centers on a romantic conflict.
boy meets girl boy loses girl boy wins girl
ComedyComedy
A modern play
• usually is about ordinary people
• may be tragedy, comedy, or a mixture of the two
• usually focuses on personal issues
Modern DramaModern Drama
When you read a play, remember that it is meant to be performed.
Performance of a Performance of a PlayPlay
Stage DirectionsPlaywright describes setting and characters’ actions and manner.[Wyona is sitting on the couch. She sees Paul and jumps to her feet.]Wyona. [Angrily.] What do you want?
PerformancePerformanceTheater artists bring the Theater artists bring the
playwright’s vision to life playwright’s vision to life on the stage.on the stage.
The audience responds The audience responds to the play and shares to the play and shares the experience.the experience.
Performance of a PlayPerformance of a Play
Theater Theater artistsartists includeinclude
ActorsActors
DirectorsDirectors
Lighting Lighting technicianstechnicians
Stage crewStage crew
Scene design transforms a bare stage into the world of the play. Scene design consists of
•props
•sets•costumes
•lighting
Setting the StageSetting the Stage
A stage’s set might be
realistic and
detailed
Setting the StageSetting the Stage
abstract and
minimal
A lighting director skillfully uses light to change the mood and appearance of the set.
Setting the StageSetting the Stage
The costume director works with the director to design the actors’ costumes.• Like sets, costumes can be
detailed minimal
Setting the StageSetting the Stage
PropsProps are items that the characters are items that the characters carry or handle onstage.carry or handle onstage.
• The person in charge of props must The person in charge of props must make sure that the right props are make sure that the right props are available to the actors at the right available to the actors at the right moments.moments.
Setting the StageSetting the Stage
Dialogue:Dialogue: conversations of characters conversations of characters onstageonstage
Monologue:Monologue: long speech given by one long speech given by one character to otherscharacter to others
Soliloquy: Soliloquy: speech by a character alone speech by a character alone onstage to himself or herself or to the onstage to himself or herself or to the audienceaudience
Asides: Asides: remarks made to the audience or remarks made to the audience or to one character; the other characters to one character; the other characters onstage do not hear an asideonstage do not hear an aside
Finally, a play needs an audience toFinally, a play needs an audience to
experience the performance
understand the story
respond to the characters
The AudienceThe Audience
1.1. Make a script of the Make a script of the assigned task to your assigned task to your group.group.
2.2. Get ready to dramatize it Get ready to dramatize it on December 11, 2013 on December 11, 2013 (Wednesday) in front of (Wednesday) in front of the class.the class.
Group 1: Group 1: Choosing Choosing between father and a between father and a boyfriend boyfriend
Group 2: Group 2: Letting go Letting go a friend due to some a friend due to some conflictsconflicts
Group 3: Group 3: Deciding Deciding between a love one and a between a love one and a newly found faith/religionnewly found faith/religion
Group 4: Group 4: Deciding Deciding whether to live whether to live independently or to stay independently or to stay with parents after with parents after schoolingschooling