ELECTROCONVULSIVESHOCK THERAPY

DAVID ROWLAND

ARGOSY UNIVERSITY

KEY EVENTS - 1930'S EUROPE

• GREAT DEPRESSION - 1930 (WORLD WIDE - 1932)

• HITLER BECOMES CHANCELLOR OF GERMANY - 1933

• METRAZOL-INDUCED CONVULSIONS - 1934 BY LADISLAUS J. VON MEDUNA (SABBATINI,R.,N.D)

• ELECTROCONVULSIVE SHOCK THERAPY - 1937 BY UGO CERLETTI

• (SABBATINI,R.,N.D)

• WORLD WAR 2 - 1939

POPULAR CULTURE - 1930'S

• RADIO - MAIN FORM OF MASS MEDIA

• JAZZ & SWING MUSIC - VERY POPULAR

• "GONE WITH THE WIND" - GLORIFIES SLAVERY

• THE WIZARD OF OZ

• SOCIAL REALISM (TODD, J., 2009)

PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES & DISCRIMINATION

• MEDICAL MODEL - BIOLOGICAL APPROACH

(MCLEOD, S., 2008)

• STERILIZATION - USA, GERMANY, & BRITAIN

• (UNIVERSITY OF MINESOTTA DULUTH, N.D)

RATIONALE FOR ELECTROCONVULSIVE SHOCK THERAPY

• CURE FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA

(SABBATINI,R.,N.D)

• CURE FOR SEVERE DEPRESSION

(GRUNHAUS L., DANNON P.N., SCHREIBER S., DOLBERG O.H., AMIAZ R., ZIV R., LEFKIFKER E., 2000)

RELATION TO PSYCHOANALYSIS

• POPULAR WITH THE GENERAL PUBLIC IN 1930'S - PSYCHOANALYSIS

(SORENSON, K., N.D)

BETA-BLOCKERS & HEART ATTACKS

• BETA-BLOCKERS BELIEVED TO BE REMEDY FOR EARLY HEART ATTACKS

• BETA-BLOCKERS ACTUALLY CAUSE HEART FAILURE

• MEDICAL COMMUNITY STRONGLY RECOMMENDS BETA-BLOCKERS DURING A HEART ATTACK

• 26/28 STUDIES SAY BETA-BLOCKERS PRODUCE NO SURVIVAL BENEFITS DURING HEART ATTACK (PARKER-POPE, T., 2009)

REFERENCES

• MCLEOD, S. (2008, JANUARY 1). THE MEDICAL MODEL. MEDICAL MODEL. RETRIEVED JUNE 7, 2014, FROM

HTTP://WWW.SIMPLYPSYCHOLOGY.ORG/MEDICAL-MODEL.HTML

• PARKER-POPE, T. (2009, JANUARY 1). BELIEVING IN TREATMENTS THAT DON'T WORK. WELL BELIEVING IN

TREATMENTS THAT DONT WORK COMMENTS. RETRIEVED JUNE 7, 2014, FROM

HTTP://WELL.BLOGS.NYTIMES.COM/2009/04/02/THE-IDEOLOGY-OF-HEALTH-CARE/?_PHP=TRUE&_TYPE=BLOGS&_R=0

REFERENCES (CONT.)

• REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION IS AS EFFECTIVE AS ELECTROCONVULSIVE

THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF NONDELUSIONAL MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: AN OPEN STUDY GRUNHAUS L., DANNON P.N., SCHREIBER S., DOLBERG O.H., AMIAZ R., ZIV R., LEFKIFKER E. (2000) BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY, 47 (4) , PP. 314-324.

• SABBATINI, R. (N.D.). THE HISTORY OF SHOCK THERAPY IN PSYCHIATRY. THE HISTORY OF SHOCK THERAPY IN

PSYCHIATRY. RETRIEVED JUNE 7, 2014, FROM HTTP://WWW.CEREBROMENTE.ORG.BR/N04/HISTORIA/SHOCK_I.HTM

REFERENCES (CONT.)

SORENSON, K. (N.D.). PSYCHOANALYSIS. . RETRIEVED JUNE 7, 2014, FROM

• HTTPS://ONEDRIVE.LIVE.COM/VIEW.ASPX?CID=E653FACC1AA68025&RESID=E653FACC1AA68025!137&APP=POWERPOINT

TODD, J. (2009, JANUARY 1). SOCIAL REALISM. . RETRIEVED , FROM

• HTTP://WWW.MOMA.ORG/COLLECTION/THEME.PHP?THEME_ID=10195