WEL COME

Seminar On

Research Guide Dr. V. G. TAKANKHAR

Associate ProfessorDept. of soil Science and Agril.

Chemistry, Ambajogai

Presented byCHATARKAR D.V.

2015A/39ML Dept. of SSAC

Seminar InchargeDr. P.H VAIDYA

Associate ProfessorDept. of soil Science and Agril.

Chemistry, Latur.

EFFECT OF LIQUID BIO-FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF PULSES

.INTRODUCTION

• Liquid biofertilizers are suspensions having agriculturally useful microorganisms, which fix atmospheric nitrogen and solubilize insoluble phosphates and make it available for the plant. • Liquid biofertilizer formulation is the promising and updated

technology which in spite of many advantages over the agrochemicals left a considerable dispute among the farmer community in terms of several reasons major being the viability of the organisms.• Liquid biofertilizer is increasingly available in the market as one of the

alternatives to chemical fertilizer and pesticide..

What is liquid Biofertilizer

• Traditionally liquid biofertilizer produced from fermentation of effective microorganisms (EM) was recommended to be used within one year.

• Liquid biofertilizer known to influence nodulation, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and growth, yield quality of pulses.

• They reduces the use of chemical fertilizer by 15-40%.

• They have long shelf life and easy to produce and apply.

• More temperature tolerant and contamination free.

BENEFITS OF LIQUID BIOFERTILIZER• The advantages of liquid biofertilizer over conventional carrier

based biofertilizer are listed below:• Longer shelf life 12-14 month.• NO contamination.• Easy to identification by typical fermented smell.• Better survival on seeds and soil.• Easy to apply.• High commercial revenues.

ROLE OF LIQUID BIOFERTILIZER • They supplement chemical fertilizers for meeting the integrated nutrients

demand for the crop.• Appilication of bio-fertilizers results in increased and water uptake,root

development,vegetative growth and nitrogen fixation.• They acts as antagonists and suppress the incidence of soil borne plant

pathogens an thus, helps in the bio-control of diseases.• They can add 20-200kg N/ha under optimum soil condition and there by

increased crop yield 15-25%of total crop yield.• Some bio-fertilizer (e.g.Rhizobium,BGA,Azotobactor sp.) stimulate the

production of growth promoting substance like vitamine-B complex ,indole acetic acid and gibberellic acids etc

•Phosphate solubilizing or mobilizing biofertilizer convert the insoluble soil phosphate into soluble forms by secreting several organic acid and under optimum conditions they can solubilize/mobilize about 30-50 kg p2o5 \ha due to which crop yield increased by 10 to 20%.• They liberate growth promoting substances and vitamins

and help to maintain soil fertility.• They are cheaper,pollution free and renewable energy

sources.• They improve the soil fertility and soil productivity.•Play important role in the recycling of plant nutrient

OBJECTIVE OF APPLYING OF LIQUID BIO-FERTILIZER

• To increased the number and biological activity of useful micro-organisn that accelerate certain microbial processes to augment the of availability nutrients which can be easily assimilated by plants.• The need for the use of biofertilizers arisen primarily due to two

reasons i.e.through the chemical fertilizers increase crop productivity and crop production but intensive use of the chemical fertilizer has caused serious concern to soil texture, soil fertility and other environmental problems;use of biofertilizer is both economical as well as environment friendly.

HOW TO APPLY LIQUID BIOFERTILIZER

• There are three ways of using liquid Bio-fertilizer

1. Seed treatment

2. Root dipping

3. Soil application

Seed Treatment Seed Treatment is a most common method adopted for all types of inoculants. The seed treatment is effective and economic.For small quantity of seeds (up to 5 kgs quantity) the coating can done in a plastic bag. For this purpose, a plastic bag having size (21” x 10”) or big size can be used.

The bag should be filled with 2 kg or more of seeds. The bag should be closed in such a way to trap the airs as much as possible. The bag should be squeezed for 2 minutes or more until all the seed are uniformly wetted.

Then bag is opened, inflated again and shaked gently. Stop shaking after each seeds gets a uniform layer of culture coating. The bag is opened and the seed is dried under the shade for 20-30 minutes.

For large amount of seeds coating can be done in a bucket and inoculant can be mixed directly with hand. Seed Treatment with Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, along with PSM can be done.

Root dippingFor application of Azospirillum/ /PSM on paddy transplating/ vegetable crops this method is used. The required quantity of Azospirillum/ /PSM has to be mixed with 5-10 litres of water at one corner of the field and the roots of seedlings has to be dipped for a minimum of half-an-hour before transplantation. Soil applicationUse 200ml of PSM per acre. Mix PSM with 400 to 600 kgs of Cow dung FYM along with ½ bag of rock phosphate if available. The mixture of PSM, cow dung and rock phosphate have to be kept under any tree or under shade for over night and maintain 50% moisture. Use the mixture as soil application in rows or during leveling of soil.

Classification of liquid biofertilizers

Sr. No. Groups ExamplesN2 fixing Biofertilizers 1 Free living Azotobactor,Clostridium,Nostoc2 Symbiotic Rhizobium, frankia,Anabaena azolla3 Associative Symbiotic AzospirillumP Solubilizing Biofertilizers1 Bacteria Bacillus megaterium, Phosphaticum2 Fungi Penicillium sp.,Aspergillus awamoriP Mobilizing biofertilizers1 Arbuscular mycorrhiza Glomus sp.,Gigaspora sp.2 Ectomycorrhiza Laccaria sp.,Amanita sp.3 Ericoid mycorrhiza Pezizella ericae4 Orchid mycorrhiza Rhizoctonia solani Biofertilizers for Micro nutrient 1 Silicate and Zinc solubilizers Bacillus sp.Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria1 Pseudomonas Pseudomonas fluorescens

Crop Recommended Biofertilizer

Application method (5 ml / kg seed)

Pulses ( chicpea,Green gram,Black gram Pigeon pea etc )

Rhizobium /PSB Seed treatment

Cereals (Wheat,Oat,Rice etc)

Azotobacter /Azopirillum,PSB

Seed treatment

Oil seed (Musterd,Seasum, Sunflower,Castor etc)

Azotobactor/PSBSeed treatment

Millets ( Pearl millets,Finger millets,Kodo millets etc)

Azotobactor/PSB Seed treatment

Dosage of Liquid biofertilizer in Different Crops

Table 1 Area, production and productivity of major pulses in India ( Areas: lakh ha, production ; lakh tonnes, productivity ; kg/ha)

Particulars Area Percent Production percent Productivity

Chickpea 73.7 38.71 58.9 48.28 799.19

Tur 36.3 19.07 27.6 22.62 760.33

Mungbean 34.4 18.07 14 11..48 406.98

Uradbean 31 16.28 14 11.48 451.61

Lentil 15 7.88 9.5 7.79 633.33

Total 190.4 100.0 124 101.64 651.2

Growth Of Black Gram influenced by various treatment

Treatment Mean plant height at harvest

No. of leaves at harvest Total dry matter at harvest (g)

T1-RDF+Rhizobium(CB) 38.87 3.07 12.25

T2-RDF+PSB(CB) 37.60 3.05 9.58

T3-RDF+Rhizobium(CB)+PSB(CB) 42.67 3.36 13.90

T4-RDF+Rhizobium(LB) 40.33 3.23 13.58

T5-RDF+PSB(LB) 37.67 3.08 11.50T6-RDF+Rhizobium(LB)+PSB(LB) 44.20 3.80 14.50T7-RDFOnly 35.07 2.47 7.41

SE± 1.6 20.2 10.74

C.D at 5% 4.88 0.64 2.22

General Mean 39.49 3.15 11.82

Dorle et. al. (2015)Department of Agronomy,VNMKV,Parbhani

Seed, straw yield and biological yield (kg /ha)of black gram as influenced by various treatment

Treatment Seed yield (kg /ha) Straw yield (kg/ha) Biological yield(kg/ha)

T1-RDF+Rhizobium(CB) 979.48 2084.10 3063.58

T2-RDF+PSB(CB) 934.01 1928.67 2862.68

T3-RDF+Rhizobium(CB)+PSB(CB) 1079.74 2131.6 3210.73

T4-RDF+Rhizobium(LB) 1034.74 2116.51 3151.25

T5-RDF+PSB(LB) 952.5 1962.63 2914.68

T6-RDF+Rhizobium(LB)+PSB(LB) 1209.72 2248.13 3457.84

T7-RDFOnly 781.15 1774.71 2555.87

SE± 73.71 87.21 118.90

C.D at 5% 222.55 263.31 358.97

General Mean 995.75 2035.20 3030.95

Dorle et. al.(2015)Department of Agronomy,VNMKV,Parbhani

Effect of biofertiizers on yield of cowpea and nutrient status of harvested soil

treatment Seed yield q/ha

Straw yield q/ha

Organic carbon(%)

Available Nitrogen kg/ha

Available Phosphorouskg/ha

Available Potassium kg/ha

Biofrtilizer

No inoculation 10.50 18.55 0.245 121.53 15.86 150.26

Rhizobium 12.15 21.33 0.256 131.42 19.86 169.53

PSB 11.93 21.01 0.253 131.14 19.90 164.70

Rhizobium+PSB 13.65 23.78 0.267 155.67 20.89 179.54

S.Em- 0.34 0.65 0.003 3.20 0.34 2.53

CD(P=0.05) 0.98 1.84 0.009 9.13 0.96 7.22

Khan et al. (2013)S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner,Rajasthan-303 329

Growth parameters,root nodulation and yield attributing characters of blackram as influenced by sulphur levels and bioretilizer trearment (Mean of two years)

Plant height (cm) NO of branches/plants

Wt of root nodules/plant

DRY matter /plants Pods/plants Seeds/plants 1000-grain weight(g)

Seed weight/plants (g)

Straw wt/plants (g)

‘S’ level

0 22.47 7.91 4.85 30.82 30.72 8.00 50.84 3.43 8.98

15 22.61 8.38 5.28 31.83 32.58 8.16 52.47 3.77 9.11

30 22.95 8.50 5.80 33.00 34.34 8.17 52.39 3.67 9.68

45 22.86 9.11 6.18 34.28 34.54 8.20 52.84 3.99 10.17

60 23.55 9.37 6.46 35.94 37.16 8.43 54.93 4.15 10.81

C.D.(P=0.05) 0.26 0.11 0.22 0.31 4.60 0.16 2.04 0.31 1.14

Biofertilizers

No biofertilizer 21.24 7.52 4.73 23.01 29.22 7.35 49.47 3.52 8.08

Rhizobium bacteria 23.23 8.73 5.64 36.14 34.54 8.12 52.25 3.69 9.66

PSB 22.07 7.94 5.14 33.70 32.68 8.35 52.65 3.61 9.35

Rhizobium+PSB 25.01 10.43 7.31 39.84 39.02 8.95 56.40 4.39 11.90

C.D.(P=0.05) 0.23 0.10 0.20 0.28 4.12 0.14 1.83 0.28 1.02

Interaction Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig

Marko et. al. (2013) Department of Crop science,Santa,M.P.

Effect of fertility levels and biofertilizer on growth parameters of cowpea Treatment Plant height (cm) No.of

branches/plantChlorophyll content(mg/g)

Total root nodules

Effective root nodules

Fresh wight (mg/plant)

Dry weight (mg/plant)

Leghaemoglobin content(mg/g)

Fertility levels

F0:Control 58.26 7.90 1.95 4509 29.58 424.5 90.98 1.44

F1: 100%rRDF 61.38 8.73 2.17 47.96 31.44 455.0 98.46 1.69

F2: 75%rRDF+ VC(2t/ha) 63.21 9.47 2.37 51.00 33.58 503.3 106.50 2.09

F3: 100%rRDF+VC(2t/ha) 66.18 9.72 2.46 53.20 34.80 525.3 111.31 2.20

S.E. 1.34 0.25 0.06 0.98 0.65 10.02 2.38 0.05

C>D>(P=o.o5 3.88 0.72 0.17 2.84 1.87 28.93 6.86 0.15

Biofertilizers 424.0

B0:No inculation 58.46 7.98 1.92 45.13 29.13 91.20 1.32

B1:Rhizobium 62.45 9.10 2.29 49.49 32.58 480.0 103.41 2.01

B2:PSB 62.09 8.93 2.26 49.07 32.44 474.0 101.04 1.92

B3:Rhizobium+ PSb 66.03 9.81 2.48 53.59 35.25 530.0 111.60 2.17

S.E. 1.34 0.25 0.06 0.98 0.65 10.02 2.38 0.05

C.D.(P=0.05) 3.88 0.72 0.17 2.84 1.87 28.93 6.86 0.15

Meena et. al. (2015)Dept. of SSAC, SKN Agril Univercity, Jobner

Effect of fertility levels and biofertilizer on yield attributes and yield of cowpea Treratnent No.of pods

/plantNo.of seeds/pod

Test weight(g) Seed yield (q/ha)

Straw yield(q/ha)

Biological yield (q/ha)

Harvest index %

Fertility levels

F0:Control 7.03 7.24 75.80 9.20 16.26 25.46 35.88

F1: 100%rRDF 8.49 8.08 76.30 10.90 20.93 31.83 34.01

F2: 75%rRDF+ VC(2t/ha) 9.21 8.79 76.80 16.11 24.96 40.37 39.64

F3: 100%rRDF+VC(2t/ha) 9.40 9.21 76.98 16.61 25.19 41.80 39.47

S.E.± 0.24 0.23 2.13 0.27 0.61 0.98 0.95

C>D>(P=o.o5 0.68 0.67 NS 0.77 1.76 2.84 NS

Biofertilizers

B0:No inculation 7.22 7.27 75.88 9.10 16.81 25.91 34.77

B1:Rhizobium 8.75 8.45 76.60 14.10 22.74 36.79 37.95

B2:PSB 8.65 8.39 76.48 13.52 22.61 36.26 36.92

B3:Rhizobium+ PSb 9.51 9.21 76.92 16.09 24.40 40.49 39.36

S.E. 0.24 0.23 2.13 0.27 0.61 0.98 0.95

C.D.(P=0.05) 0.68 0.67 NS 0.77 1.76 2.84 NS

Meena et. al. (2015)Dept. of SSAC, SKN Agril Univercity, Jobner

Productivity, economicsand qulities of black gram as influenced by sulphure levels and biofertilizer treatment Treatment Grain yield

(q/ha)Harvest index (%)

Net income(%) Differences over control (Rs./ha)

Benefit : Cost ratio

Seed protein Protein yield Carbohydrate content (%)

Sulphur levels 0 9.23 35.24 16070 - 1.90 20.29 188.0 034815 10.10 36.59 18683 2613 2.01 21.42 216.9 0.38530 10.70 37.56 20323 4253 2.07 22.52 241.5 0.44145 11.27 37.93 21883 5813 2.13 23.30 263.2 0.478

60 11.97 38.36 23908 7838 2.20 23.88 286.4 0.503C.D.(P=0.05) 0.67 2.00 - - - 0.38 2.41 0.018

BiofertilizerNo biofertilizer 9.40 36.63 15940 - 1.86 21.77 205.6 0.373Rhizobium bacteria

10.73 39.24 20176 4236 2.10 22.16 238.8 0.465

PSB 10.25 35.58 18707 2767 1.98 22.29 229.5 0.372

Rhizobium +PSB

12.24 36.14 25870 9930 2.35 22.91 281.4 0.512

C.D.(P=0.05)

0.60 2.33 - - - 0.34 2.17 0.016

Interaction Sig. Sig. - - - Sig. Sig. Sig

Marko et. al.(2013)Department of Crop science, Satna, M.P.

Performance of Black gram under various Biofertilizers treatmentTreatment Average No of

pod/plantAverage Length of pod (cm) Average No of grains/pod Test weight Yield/ha.(q)

Control 31.96 3.87 5.03 33.17 8.23

25 kg P 33.60 4.10 5.47 34.17 9.1610 kg N 23.20 4.10 5.40 33.17 8.57

25 kg P+ 10 kg N 35.37 4.17 5.87 34.37 9.62PSB 32.27 3.90 5.17 33.33 8.49PSB+ 25 kg P 34.00 3.93 5.60 34.23 9.45PSB + 10 kg N 32.47 3.93 5.43 33.80 8.60PSB+25 kg P+ 10 kg N 36.20 4.17 6.13 34.50 10.11Rhizobium 32.00 4.03 5.10 33.33 8.39Rhizobium + 25 kg P 34.30 4.10 5.53 34.17 9.27Rhizobium + 10 kg N 34.40 3.90 5.43 33.57 8.58Rhizobium +25 kg P+ 10 kg N 36.10 3.03 6.07 34.37 9.71Rhizobium +PSB 32.30 3.90 5.20 33.40 8.51Rhizobium + PSB + 25 kg P 34.63 4.17 5.87 34.27 9.62Rhizobium + PSB+ 10 kg N 33.43 3.90 5.47 34.13 8.88Rhizobium +PSB +25 kg P+10 kg N 37.17 4.20 6.17 34.60 10.31

CD @ 5 % (P=0.05) 0.84 0.20 0.32 0.29 0.77

Sheikh et.al. (2012)Dept. of Agronomy Deemed Univrsity, Allahabad

Effect of biofertilizer and sulphur levels on growth and yield of black gramTreatment Plant ht (cm )

(30DAS)Nodules

(45DAS) Dry weight (60

DAS)Yield (q/ha.) Straw yield (Q/ha)

Control 25.78 32.67 12.63 7.23 24.4020 kg S / ha 27.29 34.00 13.08 7.43 24.5030 kg S /ha 27.28 33.10 13.00 7.40 24.43PSB 27.34 34.60 13.88 7.57 25.43PSB +20 kg S / ha 27.77 37.80 14.61 8.20 26.17PSB +30 kg S/ ha 27.67 37.60 14.45 7.87 26.07Rhizobium 28.27 40.00 8.43 8.43 26.47Rhizobium + 20 kg S / ha 28.86 43.67 16.53 8.90 27.33Rhizobium + 30 kg S/ ha 28.47 41.60 16.05 8.60 27.10Rhizobium +PSB 29.60 43.93 16.89 9.23 27.67Rhizobium +PSB + 20 kg S / ha 31.13 50.74 17.97 10.57 28.37Rhizobium +PSB + 30 kg S / ha 30.09 49.73 17.63 9.77 27.39S.Em 0.17 0.32 0.08 0.08 0.06C.D. at 5 % 0.35 0.67 0.16 0.16 0.13

Khatkar et. al. (2007)Dept. of Agronomy Deemed Univrsity, Allahabad

Integrated nutrient management with biofertilizers in Pigeonpea under rainfed situation Treatment Nodule

number/plantDry wt/plant (mg)

Plant height (cm)

Dry wt /plant at 45 DAS

Plot PL.dry wt (kg)

Yield (kg/ha)

Uninoculated control 6.93 18.40 46.00 2.54 2.33 859

RDF(20:50NP kg/ha) 4.93 24.87 42.67 3.04 3.17 1157

RDF+(Rh+PSB) 6.53 34.40 59.33 3.67 3.43 1208

Compost(10t/ha) 7.53 33.17 60.67 3.58 3.33 1033

Compost+(Rh+PSB) 8.53 31.53 70.00 3.51 3.50 1054

RDF(50%) +compost (2.5t/ha)+(Rh+PSB)

10.07 33.87 65.53 3.80 3.90 1111

RDF (50%) + compost (5t/ha) + (Rh+PSB)

11.27 37.73 69.33 4.59 4.37 1265

RDF(25%) + compost (5t/ha) +(Rh+PSb)

11.80 35.40 72.67 3.64 3.63 1219

S.Em± 0.27 1.70 2.17 0.17 0.14 60

CD at 5 % 1.72 5.16 8.41 0.51 0.43 182

CV(%) 11.61 9.46 7.91 8.25 7.08

Patil et. al. (2004)Department of Agril. Microbiology college of agri. Bijapur

Effect of biofertilizers on yield and yield characters of summer green gram

Treatment Pods/plant

Pod length(cm)

Seeds/pod Test wt.(cm)

Seed yield/plant(g)

Seed yield (kg/ha)

Stover yield (kg/ha)

Harvest index (%)

Bio-fertilizertsB0 : control 21.49 6.83 8.49 44.91 3.57 800 5189 13.35

B1 : PSB inoculation

22.90 7.20 9.04 45.43 3.75 1075 5753 15.74

B2 :Rhiziobium inoculation

23.03 7.28 9.48 45.98 4.08 1100 5800 16.40

S.E.± 0.24 0.07 0.20 0.23 0.13 36.60 134.91 0.58

C.D. at 5% 0.70 0.20 0.56 0.66 0.38 105.32 388.17 NS

Interaction (P)

Sig. Sig. NS NS NS NS NS NS

C.V. (%) 4.35 3.91 8.75 4.57 14.04 14.04 9.73 14.66

Gajera et.al.(2014)Krushi Vigyan Kendra, Dedipada Gujarat

Yeild attributes and yield of pigeonpea influenced by different fertility level

Treatment (Fertility levels)

No.of pods/plant

Test wt.(1000)

Grain yield(kg/ha)

Stalk yield (kg/ha)

Harvest Index

50% RDF 129.90 94.80 1235 3706 18.3

100 %RDF 135.87 96.42 1445 4548 19.0

50 % RDF + 5t FYM 139.66 98.60 1649 4942 19.2

50 % RDF +5t Fym +Rh + PSB

142.53 99.76 1800 5481 19.4

50 % RDF +Rh + PSB 132.70 95.31 1317 4337 19.0

100 % RDF+5t FYM 142.43 99.63 1763 5322 19.4

100 % RDF+5t FYM+Rh+PSB

144.77 101.10 1837 5531 19.6

100%RDF+Rh+PSB 136.86 97.32 1499 4624 19.2

CD at 5 % 1.31 1.04 199.4 62.3 0.34

Singh et. al.Department of Agronomy BHU, Varansi

Conclusion• Combined inoculation of liquid biofertilizers such as Rhizobium,PSB, Azospirillum,

Azotobacter could enhance the morphological parameters such as height of the plant, number of leaves, Shoot length, Root length, number of roots, root nodules, and biochemical constituents such as Chlorophyll, Protein.• Compared to individual inoculation and control, could be the collective effect of

liquid biofertilizer, and also reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. • Bio-fertilizer like Rhizobium and PSB plays an important role in increasing

availability of phosphorous and nitrogen through increase in biological N- fixation and enhance the phosphorous availability to crop.• Use of liquid biofertilizer significantaly increase yield and quility of pulses.

Thank You