May 5, 2010

Housekeeping

• Revised Novel Unit Outline• Revised Vocabulary Paragraph Deadline:

Wednesday, May 12th.

Articles, p. 581

An article signals that a noun will follow.• indefinite = a/an

• definite = the

Choosing the Correct Indefinite Article

• a carrot, a uniform(use a with a noun that starts with a consonant sound)

• an onion, an honor(use an with a noun that starts with a vowel sound)

With Count and Non-count Nouns

Count nouns name people, places, things, or ideas that can be counted and made into plurals.

Ex: desk, blackboard, and teacher (desks, blackboards, and teachers)

With Count and Non-count Nouns

Non-count nouns name things or ideas that cannot be counted and therefore cannot be made into plurals.

Ex: weather, anger, and happinessNOT: weathers, angers, and happinesses x

Common Non-count Nouns (p. 582)

Abstractions and emotions: justice, joyActivities: soccer, readingFoods: sugar, spaghettiGases and vapors: smoke, oxygenLanguages and areas of study: Cantonese, Farsi,

biologyLiquids: coffee, milkMaterials that come in bulk: lumber, stationeryNatural occurrences: snow, thunderOthers: clothing, furniture, homework, etc. . . .

More on Non-count Nouns

Q: Since non-count nouns cannot be made into plurals, how can we show “how much”?

A: The quantity of non-count nous can be expressed with qualifiers such as some, more, a little.

Ex: I hear a lot of anger in your voice.Ex: May I have some paper?**choose anotehr ex.

More on Non-count Nouns

Some words can be either count or non-count depending on if they refer to one thing or more than one thing.

Ex: She had many thrilling experiences on her vacation.

(several different countable moments)

Ex: They told me I did not have enough experience for the job.

(an abstract, non-countable, idea that describes what you have gained from many countable experiences.)

Use a/an with Non-specific Singular Count Nouns

when -you can count it-you don’t know “which one”

Ex: A penguin cannot fly; it uses its “wings” to “fly” through the water. (Any penguin)

Ex: There was a fire today in our neighborhood.(This fire is unfamiliar to us; it is the first time it has been mentioned)

Use the with Specific Nouns

1. When the noun has already been mentioned once.

Ex: There was a fire at work. The fire destroyed everything.

2. When words or phrases in the sentence identify the noun or suggest its identity.

Ex: The lights in the classroom are turned off.

Ex: The coffee at Starbucks is too bitter for me.

Use the with Specific Nouns

3. When it is unique.

Ex: It is harmful to stare at the sun.

4. When it comes after a superlative adjective (best, tallest, fastest, etc.)

Ex: He is the best runner in the class.

Omit articles for non-specific plurals and non-count nouns

Do not use articles when non-specific nouns refer to something in general.

Ex: Teachers do not become rich.Ex: Paint can give off a pungent odor.

Proper NounsDo not use the for most singular proper nouns:

• people and animals (the Stephen Harper)

• continents, provinces, cities, streets, and parks (the Granville Street )

• most countries (the Korea, the Nicaragua)

• individual bodies of water, islands and mountains (the Mount Seymour, the Vancouver Island)

Proper Nouns

Do use the for

• plural proper nouns (the Simpsons, the Canucks, the Rockies)

• names of large geographic areas (the Pacific Ocean, the North Shore)

• names with the format “the ________ of ___________.” (the Premier of BC, the University of British Columbia)

Activity 1, p. 584Choose the correct form of noun in the parentheses.

1. A telephone2. a used car3. The car Kim4. Thick fog 5. New Jersey6. patience7. The Indian Ocean8. curiosity 9. wine10. The water

Additional Practice

1.http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/noncountnoun.htm

2. http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/fampeople.html

3. http://a4esl.org/q/h/9901/cw-articles.html

4. http://www.edict.com.hk/vlc/articles/articlestable.htm

Break

Compare and Contrast Paragraphs

• Compare – show how things are similar• Contrast – show how things are different

In both cases, the things being compared or contrasted should be of the same type:

• two products,• two jobs,• two friends, etc.

Compare and Contrast Paragraphs

• There are two possible ways to organize a compare/contrast paragraphs.

• Turn to p. 222 and 223.

Compare and Contrast Paragraphs

How is each paragraph organized?

My Senior Prom

1. All about the dream2. All about the reality

This type of organization is called “block” or “one side at a time”

Compare and Contrast Paragraphs

Day versus Evening Students

1. Characteristics of day studentsCharacteristics of evening students

2. Responsibilities of day studentsResponsibilities of evening students

3. Attitude of days studentsAttitude of evening students.

This type of organization is known as “point by point.”

Compare and Contrast Paragraphs

Whether you chose “one side at a time”

A – point 1, 2, and 3B – point 1, 2, and 3

or “point by point”point 1 – A; Bpoint 2 – A; Bpoint 3 – A; B

Make sure you keep the order of comparison consistent all the way through!

Compare and Contrast Paragraphs

You can see this structure in detail if you turn to p. 224 and 225.

Compare and Contrast Paragraphs

• Two more examples can be found on p. 226-227. Review on your own if you are still unsure about the two different structures.

Compare and Contrast Paragraphs

• Turn to p. 228-229. Read the final three example paragraphs and then complete the questions on p. 229-230. We will go over them together.

1 – Mike and Helen2 –Two views on toys3 – Two views4 – My Broken Dream 5 – One side at a time - Point by point6 – Mike and Helen

Contrast Transitions

Transitional expressions showing contrast (differences):

Although, whereas, but, however, conversely, on the other hand, in contrast, while, yet, unlike

Comparison Transitions

Transitional expressions showing comparison (similarity):

In the same way, just as A . . . so B, and, also, in addition, similarly, as well as, like, both, neither, too, each of , the same

Homework

Writing• Read p. 230-232 of the text.• Then do Writing Assignment #1. Read and follow the step-

by-step instructions. Hand in all your work, from prewriting, rough draft, to final draft.

• Due Monday. Marks /10

Novel• Read to p. 98 for Monday – be prepared for the quiz.• Vocabulary Paragraph – revised deadline – Wednesday, May

12th.