WATER SUPPLY

SERVICE SYSTEM

MADE BYKAVERI NARANG(B.Sc. 2nd Year)

SUMBITTED TOMr. SANDEEP KUMAR

Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial

organisations, community endeavours or by individuals,

usually via a system of pumps and pipes. Irrigation is covered

separately.

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF WATER SUPPLY

PLUMBING (INLET)DRAINAGE (OUTLET)

PLUMBING IS THE SYSTEM OF PIPES, DRAINS FITTINGS, VALVES, VALVE ASSEMBLIES, AND DEVICES INSTALLED IN A BUILDING FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF WATER FOR DRINKING, HEATING AND WASHING, AND THE REMOVAL OF WATERBORNE WASTES, AND THE SKILLED TRADE OF WORKING WITH PIPES, TUBING AND PLUMBING FIXTURES IN SUCH SYSTEMS. A PLUMBER IS SOMEONE WHO INSTALLS OR REPAIRS PIPING SYSTEMS, PLUMBING FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT SUCH AS WATER HEATERS AND BACKFLOW PREVENTERS. THE PLUMBING INDUSTRY IS A BASIC AND SUBSTANTIAL PART OF EVERY DEVELOPED ECONOMY DUE TO THE NEED FOR CLEAN WATER, AND SANITARY COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT OF WASTES. THE WORD "PLUMBING" COMES FROM THE LATIN PLUMBUM FOR LEAD, AS PIPES WERE ONCE MADE FROM LEAD.PLUMBING IS USUALLY DISTINGUISHED FROM WATER SUPPLY AND SEWAGE SYSTEMS, IN THAT A PLUMBING SYSTEM SERVES ONE BUILDING, WHILE WATER AND SEWAGE SYSTEMS SERVE A GROUP OF BUILDINGS.

PLUMBING

SOIL PIPE(SOIL LINE)A PIPE WHICH CONVEYS THE DISCHARGE OF WATER CLOSETS OR FIXTURES HAVING SIMILAR FUNCTIONS, WITH OR WITHOUT THE DISCHARGES FROM OTHER FIXTURES.WASTE APPLIANCESIT INCLUDES WASH-BASINS, SINKS, BATH-TUBS WASHING TROUGH DRINKING WATER FOUNTAIN ETC.WASTE PIPEA PIPE THAT CARRIES OFF LIQUID WASTE.RAIN WATER PIPETHIS IS A PIPE PROVIDED TO CARRY RAINWATER.VENTILATION PIPE(VENT PIPE)VENTILATES DRAINAGE PIPE IS OPEN AT THE TOP AND IT IS CONNECTED TO A SOIL PIPE OR WASTE PIPE AT ITS BOTTOM. THIS PIPE IS EXTENDED ABOVE THE ROOF OF THE BUILDING TO PERMIT EXIT OF FOUL GASES INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. THIS PIPE ONLY VENTILATES THE SYSTEM AND DOESN’T CARRY ANY DISCHARGE FROM SOIL, WASTE OR RAIN-WATER PIPE.

TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN PLUMBING

TWO TYPES GUTTERS(GT.)

GUTTER(GT.) A narrow trough or duct which collects rainwater from the roof of a building and diverts it away from the structure, typically into a drain.

MAIN HOLE(MH.)A depression which runs alongside a city street, usually at the curb and diverts rain and street-cleaning water away from the street and into a storm drain.

The waste water of kitchen, wash-basins, bathing area etc. of any place in a

building goes in gutter(gt.) except the waste water of urinal goes in main

hole(mh.).Size of gt. remains 100mm-4” and

mh.remains-100mm(4”)/150mm(6”). The mh. pipe depends according to the

rainfall in any area.

STACKTerm used for any vertical pipeline of a drainage system.

DRAINA plumbing fixture that provides an exit-point for waste water or water that is to be re-circulated. The natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area.

SEWAGECombination of discharge from soil pipe, waste pipe, vent pipes, sewers, septic tanks. System of storm water including collection and carrying of rain water to a public storm water drain or to a pond or river etc.

Strength of pipeWater carrying capacity

Life and Durability of pipe

Factors to be considered while

selection of a pipe

VARIOUS TYPES OF PIPES USEDMETALLIC PIPES-CI PIPES(CAST

IRON PIPES, STEEL PIPES, GI PIPES (GAL-VANISHED PIPES

CEMENT PIPES-CEMENT PIPES, ASBESTOS CEMENT PIPES (AC

PIPES)PLASTIC PIPES- UN-

PLASTICISED PIPES PVC (UPVC) PIPES, POLYTHENE PIPES(LOW

DENSITY PIPE)

A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valves are technically valves fittings, but are usually discussed as a separate category. In an open valve, fluid flows in a direction from higher pressure to lower pressure. It is a fitting commonly used to control the flow.

VALVE

,

Cross Sectional Valve1. Body2. Ports3. Seats4. Stem5. Disc when valve is open6. Handle or hand-wheel when

valve is open7. Bonnet8. Packing9. Gland nut10.Fluid flow when valve is open 11.Position of disc if valve were

shut12.Position of handle or hand-

wheel if valve were shut

GATE VALVEThe gate valve, also known as a sluice valve, is a valve that opens by lifting a round or rectangular gate/wedge out of the path of the fluid. The distinct feature of a gate valve is the sealing surfaces between the gate and seats are planar, so gate valves are often used when a straight-line flow of fluid and minimum restric tion is desired.

GLOBE VALVEA globe valve different from ball valve is a type of valve used for regulating flow in a pipeline, consisting of a movable disk-type element and a stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body.

BALL COCK VALVE

A traditional gravity toilet tank

The handle is pressed and the flush cycle begins.

The flapper has closed, and the tank refills within seconds.

1. float, 2. fill valve, 3. lift arm, 4. tank fill tube, 5. bowl fill tube, 6. flush valve flapper,7. overflow tube, 8. flush handle, 9. chain, 10. fill line, 11. fill valve shaft, 12. flush tube

A ballcock (also ball-tap or float valve) is a mechanism or machine for filling water tanks, such as those found in flush toilets, while avoiding overflow and (in the event of low water pressure) backflow.

DRAINAGE SYSTEM(OUTLET)

It is a natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface and drainage to improve production or to manage water

supply.

It consists of 3 systems

• COMBINED SYSTEM• SEPARATE SYSTEM• PARTIALLY COMBINED SYSTEM

TRAPIn plumbing, a trap is a U-, S-Q-, or J-shaped pipe located below or within a plumbing fixture. An S-

shaped trap is also known as the S-bend.  The bend is used to prevent sewer gases from entering buildings. In refinery applications, it also prevents hydrocarbons

 and other dangerous gases from escaping outside through drains.

Another shape is X-shaped trap. The most common of these traps in houses is referred to as a P-trap.

NAHANI TRAP/FLOOR TRAP

This trap is provided in the floor to collect waste water from washbasin,

shower, sink and bathroom etc. These are available in cast iron or UPVC material and have removable grating (JALI)

on the top of the trap. The minimum depth of water seal should be 50

mm.

GULLY TRAP

These traps are constructed outside the building to carry waste water discharge from washbasin, sinks, bathroom etc. and are connected to the nearest building drain/sewer so that foul gases from sewer do not come to the house. These are deep seal traps, the depth of water seal should be 50 mm minimum. It also prevents the entry of cockroach and other insects from sewer line to waste pipes carrying waste water.

INTERCEPTING TRAPS

This trap is provided at the last main hole of building sewerage to prevent entry of foul gases from public sewer to building sewer. It has a deep-water seal of 100 mm.

GREASE TRAPS

This trap is a device to collect the grease contents of waste and can be cleaned from the surface. This is generally used in food processing unit. Generally used in restaurants to avoid blockage of drain.

SILT TRAPS

A silt trap is a designated area where water that is contaminated with suspended sediment as a result of construction activity or water runoff is contained. While the water is in a silt trap, the sediment can settle to the bottom of the trap until it can be removed.

SANITARY FITTINGS

WASH-BASIN KITCHEN SINK

TYPES OF W.C.

BATH-TUB ENCLOSURE