- 1.Diet and Activity Assessment Food frequency Questionnaires 24
hour food recalls Biomarkers International Physical Activity
Questionnaires
2. Self-reported Methods Error -Poor recall, not quantitative,
or not representative Bias -social desirability bias tend to over
report what we think we should do and underreport what we think we
shouldnt -especially problematic for bad foods 3. Assessment of
individual intakes Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) Report usual
frequency of consumption of each food item from a list of food
items in reference to a specified period (past wk/mo/yr) Face to
face interview, telephone or by self administration Describes
dietary patterns or food habits not nutrient intake Semi quantified
tools can obtain information on portion size using household
measures 4. FFQ Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) are designed to
assess habitual diet by asking about the frequency with which food
items or specific food groups are consumed over a reference period
(e.g. 6 months or a year) FFQs may be based on an extensive list of
food items or a relatively short list of specific foods. The foods
listed should be a) major sources of a group of nutrients of
particular interest or b) foods which contribute to the variability
in intake between individuals in the population, and c) commonly
consumed in the study population. The length of the list of foods
can range from about 20 to 200 items. Questionnaires can be
self-administered using paper or wev-based formats, or interviewer
administered, either face-to-face or telephone interview 5. FFQ
Most nutrition research is interested in the usual intake of the
individual They can and do differ in critical areas The full-length
Block questionnaires (e.g. Block98, Block2005) have been shown to
come quite close to the point estimates produced by multiple days
of diet recalls and records. Very long food lists will tend to
overestimate, while short lists will tend to underestimate. Are
food frequency questionnaires usable for examining an individual's
diet? There is controversy about this question. 6. NHANES FFQ
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 7. Get an accurate
and complete listing of all food/drink individual consumed within
last 24 hrs Specifically: What food/drink was consumed? How much
was consumed? Time it was consumed? How was it prepared? How was it
served? Details of food (e.g low fat, 1%, whole, milk powder,
preparation, ) Assessment of individual intakes : 24 dietary recall
8. Single 24 hour recall This is the method of choice if the
purpose of the study is simply to describe the average intake of a
group. It provides a mathematically accurate group mean. Does not
provide a good estimate of an individual's usual intake for any
individual member of the group. It can also be used to examine
whether two groups have similar mean intakes--for example, the
baseline levels of an intervention and a control group. 9. Multiple
24 hour recalls If dietary intake over a number of days is
collected, the data begins to approximate an individual's usual
intake. Generally, at least three days of diet data are required
for the most stable nutrients, i.e. percent of calories from fat.
Other macronutrients require more, and micronutrients such as
vitamin C and vitamin A require many more days. 10. Setting the
stage for the Interview The following steps will help in eliciting
truthful and complete information: 1. Explain to participant that
you need to know only what she/he actually ate. She/he should not
feel embarrassed about any food, as there are no "good" or "bad"
foods. No one eats just the right foods all the time. 2. Do not
express in words or facial expressions either approval or
disapproval of foods which homemaker mentions. 3. Do not ask
leading questions that would lead homemaker to feel she/he should
have had a certain item and, thus, say she/he did.
http://www.csrees.usda.gov/nea/food/efnep/ers/documentation/24hour-recall.pdf
11. 24-hour Food Recall Kit Purpose of the FOOD RECALL KIT: To
assist paraprofessional/interviewer in taking the food recall and
estimating the amounts more accurately. The Food Recall Kit should
contain the following items: Cup - One 8-oz. plastic measuring cup
Bowls - 2 different shapes - each holding 2 cups Small sauce dish -
about 1/2 cup Plastic ruler - 6" works well and may be less
cumbersome than a 12" ruler. Standard measuring spoons: - 1
tablespoon - 1 teaspoon - 1/2 teaspoon - 1/4 teaspoon *Plastic
Container of 2 to 3 cups rice (with tight fitting lid) *Plastic
Container of 2 to 3 cups dried beans (with tight fitting lid) * To
reduce the weight of the Food Recall Kit, dry cereal may be used
instead 12. More for the kit 10 Shapes on cardboard or plastic as
described in the following chart. Identification Size To Be
Measured A 1" square Cheese, fudge B 2" square Brownies, Cornbread
C 1/16 layer cake Cake D 1/12 layer cake Cake E 1/8 of a 9" pie
Pie, quiche F 1/7 of a 9" pie Pie, quiche G 1/6 of a 9" pie Pie,
quiche H 3" square Sheet cake, Cornbread I 4" circle Danish,
pancake J 1/4 of 12" pizza Pizza Additional shapes of various cuts
of meats by: Ruby H. Cox, Ph.D., R.D. (1/93) 13. During the food
recall 1) Start with the most recent meal or snack and work
backwards 2) First get a list of all food eaten, but not amounts
use probing questions, i.e. what else did you have with this meal?
3) Second, go back through and find out amounts 4) If ate at a
restaurant, get the name of the restaurant 14. To get more
information on the type of food A. Encourage the participant to
describe foods as clearly as possible. B. Describe combination
dishes carefully. Mixtures such as sandwiches, soups, stew, pizza,
casseroles, etc. can be prepared in many ways. C. Ask to see
packages, if available, on pre- packaged foods, and record brand
name and other pertinent information. 15. ASA 24
https://asa24.nci.nih.gov/researcherSite/ASA2 42013.aspx 16.
Biomarkers Objective Pros less error Not many: - Double labeled
water for total energy input -24 hour urinary nitrogen for total
protein intake. Stable isotopes ratios -13C/12C, 15N/14N, 3H/1H,
18O/16O, 34S/32S 17. International Physical Activity Questionnaires
The purpose of the International Physical Activity Questionnaires
(IPAQ) is to provide a set of well-developed instruments that can
be used internationally to obtain comparable estimates of physical
activity. There are two versions of the questionnaire. The short
version and the long version .
http://www.ipaq.ki.se/downloads.htm
