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DEVELOPMENT OF ARTERIAL SYSTEM
AORTIC ARCHES(page 135)
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Anatomy of Aorta
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Abdominal aorta
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Aorta Before FoldingDr.Sherif Fahmy
Primitive aortae
Aortic sac
Heart tube
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Aorta After FoldingDr.Sherif Fahmy
Fused dorsal aortae from 4th thoracic somite to 4th lumbar somite
Dorsal aortae
1st aortic arch
Aortic sac
Heart tube
Ventral aorta
Pharynx
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Left dorsal aortaRight dorsal
aorta Aortic Sac
Left 7th cervical inter-segmental a.
Right 7th cervical inter-segmental a.
4th thoracic somite
4th lumbar somite
Truncus arteriosus
Pharynx
Right limbLeft limb
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Maxillary a.Stapideal a.
Ext. carotid a.
Int. carotid a. C.C.A.
Ductus caroticus (Disappeare)
Rt. Subclavian a.
The aortic arch
Lt. subclavian a.
Descending aorta
Common iliac a.
Degenerating 5th arch
New branch of 6th arch
Degenerating part of Rt dorsal aorta
Degenerating dorsal part of Rt. 6th arch
Ductus Arteriosus
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Development of The Arch of Aorta
(Page 137)Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Left dorsal aorta
Aortic Sac
Left 7th cervical inter-segmental a.
Truncus arteriosus
Right limbLeft limb
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Fate of Aortic Sac(Page 137)Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Left dorsal aorta
Aortic Sac
Left 7th cervical inter-segmental a.
Truncus arteriosus
Right limbLeft limb
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Embryological Differences in the Course
of Rt & Lt Recurrent laryngeal nerves
(Page 139)Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Course of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Rt. Subclavian a.
The aortic arch
Degenerating 5th arch
New branch of 6th arch
Rt recurrent laryngeal n.
Lt. recurrent laryngeal n.
Ductus arteriosus (persistent dorsal part of left 6th arch)
Degenerating dorsal part of Rt 6th arch
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Fate of Dorsal Aorta(Page 131)Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Int. carotid a.
Ductus caroticus (Disappeare)
Rt. Subclavian a.
The aortic arch
Descending aorta
Common iliac a.Degenerating part of Rt dorsal aorta
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Arterial System Defects
(Page 139)Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Double Aortic Arch
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Right sided aortic arch
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Aortic Coarctation
Post-ductal coarctation
Pre-ductal coarctation
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Interrupted aortic arch
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Abnormal origin of Rt Subclavian artery
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Abnormal origin of right subclavian artery
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Formation of Branches of Aorta(page 133)
Ventral Branches:1- Coeliac trunk.2- Superior mesenteric.3- Inferior mesenteric.Lateral visceral branches:1- Renal & suprarenal.2- Gonadal. Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Lateral somatic branches:They are intersegmental arteries that arise from aorta to run between somites. They divides into dorsal and ventral branches:A- Dorsal branches (well developed in neck):They form the following anastomosis:1- Post-transverse: that form deep cervical art.2- Post-costal: that forms vertebral art.B- Ventral branches (well developed in thorax & abdomen):They form the following longitudinal anastomosis:1- Pre-costal: that form costo-cervical, thyro-cervical and ascending cervical arteries.2- Ventral: that forms internal thoracic, superior and inferior epigastric arteries. Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Fate of intersegmental arteries:In cervical region: mostly disappear except the 7th cervical intersegmental arteries that form subclavian arteries.In thorax: Form posterior intercostal arteries and subcostal artery.In abdomen: form the lumbar arteries.In sacral region: Form the lateral sacral arteries.N.B. Umbilical arteries are firstly branches of dorsal aorta, then separate to be branches of internal iliac arteries. Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Development of Veins(Page 141)
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
VENOUS SYSTEMVitelline veins: - Upper part: left vein degenerates, right vein remains as
suprahepatic part of inferior vena cava.- Middle part: forms liver sinusoids.- Lower part: form portal vein.
Umbilical veins:-Right vein degenerates. Upper part of left vein degenerates. Middle part forms liver sinusoids. Lower part remains then becomes obliterated after birth to
be ligamentum teres. Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Cardinal Veins(Page 143)
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
They are longitudinal veins in the body of embryo.Cardinal veins:1- Anterior cardinal veins.2- Posterior cardinal veins.3- Common cardinal vein.4- Subcardinal.5- Supracardinal.6- Azygos line vein.
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Common Cardinal veins: formed from union between anterior and posterior cardinal veins.
Right vein: forms proximal part of superior vena cava
Left vein: forms oblique vein of left atrium.
Anterior cardinal veins (from head, neck and upper limb):
-Anastomosis between 2 veins will be left brachio-cephalic vein.
Right vein: forms Rt. Internal jugular, brachio-cephalic veins and upper part of superior vena cava.
Left vein: forms left internal jugular vein and proximal part of left superior intercostal vein.. Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Posterior cardinal vein:
-Anastomosis between the caudal ends of Rt & Lt veins will form left common iliac vein.
Segment Right posterior cardinal
Left posterior cardinal
Caudal to anastomosis
-Right common iliac vein-Right internal iliac vein
-Left internal iliac vein.
Cranial to anastomosis
-Degenerates except:Cranial part: forms arch of azygos vein.Caudal part: forms most caudal part of IVC.
-Degenerates except:Cranial part: forms part of left superior intercostal vein.
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Subcardinal Vein Supracardinal VeinSite Ventrolateral to
abdominal aorta, connected to opposite side by intersubcardinal veins.
Dorsolateral to abdominal aorta and connected to opposite side by transverse anastomosis.
Right side -Right gonadal vein.-Right suprarenal vein.-Part of inf. Vena cava.
-Postrenal segment of inf. Vena cava.
Left side -Left gonadal vein.-Left suprarenal vein.N.B. Intersubcardinal anastomosis forms part of left renal vein.
-Disappears.
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Development of superior vena cava:-Its upper part: is developed from lower part of right anterior cardinal vein.
-Its lower part: is developed from right common cardinal vein.
Azygos Line veins:-Present dorsolateral to aorta.
-Both veins are connected by transverse anastomosis.
-Right vein: forms most of azygos vein.
-Left vein: forms superior & inferior hemiazygos veins.
N.B. Transverse anastomosis forms the connection between hemiazygos and azygos veins.
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Inferior Vena Cava• 1- Caudal segment: from caudal part of right
posterior cardinal vein.• 2- Post-renal segment: from right supra-cardinal
vein.• 3- Renal segment: from right sub-supracardinal
anastomosis.• 4- Pre-renal segment: Right subcardinal vein and
inter subcardinal anastomosis.• 5- Hepatic segment: Anastomosis between Rt.
Subcardinal and Rt. Vitelline veins.• 6- Suprahepatic segment: from Rt. Vitelline vein.
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Congenital anomalies of vena cava:1- Double superior vena cava.
2- Double inferior vena cava.
3- Absent inferior vena cava.
4- Left inferior vena cava.
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
FETAL CIRCULATION• Oxygenated blood: Placenta left umbilical
vein Lt branch of portal vein Ductus venosus------ Inferior vena cava Rt atrium Foramen ovale Lt atrium Left ventricle Aorta carotid & subclavian arteries H & N
• Non-oxygenated blood: Venous blood from upper ½ of body Superior vena cava Rt atrium Rt ventricle pulmonary trunk left pulmonary artery ductus arteriosus Arch of aorta Descending aorta Umbilical arteries placenta.
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Changes that occur at birthA- Immediate changes:1- Start of pulmonary circulation.2- Functional closure of foramen ovale.3- Functional closure of ductus arteriosus.B- Late fibrotic changes:1- Left umbilical vein ligamentum teres.2- Ductus venosus ligamentum venosum.3- Ductus arteriosus ligamentum arteriosum.4- Distal part of umbilical artery lateral umbilical
ligament. Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
With my best wishes Dr. Sherif Fahmy
