DEGREES OF COMPARISON[Tingkat perbandingan untuk Adjective / Adverb]

Adjective: Kata sifat yang menjelaskan benda

Adverb : Kata keterangan yang menjelaskan kata kerja

The three degrees of comparison of modifiers are:

A. The positive degree

B. The comparative degree

C. The superlative degree

A. Positive Degree[Membandingkan 2 benda yang se… / tidak se…]

*Equal comparison: An equal comparison indicates that the two entities are (or are not if negative) exactly the same. The following rule generally applies to this type of comparison.

E.g. - He is as tall as his father- He is not as tall as his father

* Note: sometimes you may see so instead of as before the adjective or adverb in negative comparison

E.g. - He is not as tall as his fatherOR

- He is not so tall as his father

* Note: Remember that the subject form of the pronoun will always be used after as in correct English

E.g. Peter is as tall as I You are as old as she

Subject + verb + as + {adjective} + as + {noun} adverb Pronoun

Examples of equal comparisons:

My book is as interesting as yours (adjective) His car runs as fast as a race car (adverb) John sings as well as his sister (adverb) Their house is as big as that one (adjective) His job is not as difficult as mine OR

(adjective) His job is not so difficult as mine They are as lucky as we (adjective)

The same idea can also be conveyed in another way;

Note: As high as means the same as the same height as

- My house is as high as his

- My house is the same height as his

- His father is as old as mine

- His father is the same age as mine Be sure that you know the following adjectives and

their corresponding nouns

Subject + verb + the same + (noun) + as + {noun} Pronoun

*Tall: manusia, pohon, bangunan / gedung; selain itu ~> high

Adjective Noun

Far – near Distance

Heavy – light Weight

Tall – short Height

High – low Height

Cheap – expensive Price

Fast – quick – slow Speed

Long – short Length

Old – new – young Age

Deep – shallow Depth

Big / large – small Size

Round – square – triangle Shape

Good – bad Quality

Wide – narrow Widht

Cold – hot Temperature

White – blue Colour

NOTE: Remember that the opposite of the same as is different from. NEVER use different than

Examples of the same as and different from;

These trees are the same as those He speaks the same language as she Her address is the same as Rita’s Their teacher is different from ours My typewriter types the same as yours She takes the same courses as her husband

2. Comparative Degree (lebih…daripada…)

Unequal comparison: this type of comparative implies that the entities are comparable in a greater or lesser degree

NOTE: The –er suffix means exactly the same as more. Therefore, they can NEVER be used together. It is NOT CORRECT to say:

more prettier, more faster, more better

S + verb + {adjective + er} + than + {noun}

{adverb + er*} {pronoun}

{more + adjective / adverb}

{less + adjective / adverb}

Examples:

John’s grades are higher than his sister’s {adjective}Today is hotter than yesterday {adjective}This chair is more comfortable than the other {adjective}He speaks Spanish more fluently than I {adverb}He visits his family less frequently than she does {adverb}This year’s exhibit is less impressive than last year’s {adjective}

Unequal comparison can be further intensified by adding much or far before the comparative formE.g. - Harry’s watch is much nicer than mine

- Your house is far more expensive than mine- She dances much more artistically than her instructor- His radio is far better than yours

Words of one syllable get er and est Words of two syllables, ending in;

-le {simple ~ simpler ~ simplest}

-ow {narrow ~ narrower ~ narrowest}

-er {clever ~ cleverer ~ cleverest}

-y {happy ~ happier ~ happiest}

-some {handsome ~ handsomer ~ handsomest}

GET er and est

Words of three syllables, get; MORE ; MOST

- dangerous ~ more dangerous ~ most dangerous

- beautiful ~ more beautiful ~ most beautiful

Doubled comparatives: the + comparative + subject + verb + the + comparative + subject + verb

- The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel

- The bigger they are, the harder they fall

- The sooner you take the medicine, the better you will feel

the more + subject + verb + the + comparative + subject + verb

- The more diligently you study, the smarter you will become

- The more he slept, the more irritable he became

3. Superlative Degree (Paling…)

In the superlative degree, three or more entities are compared, one of which is superior of inferior to the others. The following rule applies;

S + Verb + the + {adjective + est} + {in / of + singular / plural count noun}

{most + adjective}

{least + adjective}

NOTE:

Adverbs usually are not followed by – er or – est. instead, they are compared by adding more or less for the comparative degree, and by adding most or least to form the superlative

Examples:

These shoes are the least expensive in this shop

John is the tallest boy in the familyDeana is the shortest of the three sistersSally drove the most cautiously of allThat child behaves the most carelessly of the

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