Deep Blue and how it works?

Ellenmae Magalona

Intro to Deep Blue•Deep Blue is a scaled- up version of a machine called “Deep Thought”, built by Carnegie Mellon University.•Deep Thought is depended on special-purpose chips, each wired like a chessboard, circuitry on the squares, wires running like chess moves, could evaluate a position and find all legal moves from it in one electronic flash.• In 1997 Deep Blue had 256 such chips, orchestrated by a 32-processor mini-supercomputer. It examined 200 million chess positions a second. •Chess programs, on unaided general-purpose computers, average about 16 000 instructions per position examined

System board of Deep Thought I

HOW DEEP BLUE WORKS•Deep Blue's ability to play chess is its evaluation function that measures the "goodness" of a given chess position. •Deep Blue's evaluation function looks at four basic chess values: Material, Position, King Safety and Tempo. •Deep Blue uses "live" software that can actually generate up to 200,000,000 positions per second when searching for the optimum move.

DEEP BLUE MATCH WITH KASPAROV•Deep Blue won the first game of the 1996 match. But, Kasparov quickly found the machine’s weaknesses, and drew two and won three of the remaining games. •In May 1997 he met an improved version of the machine. He prepared for the computer match for months. Kasparov lost the game with 1 win, 3 draws and 2 losses. •Deep Blue was the first competition match Kasparov had ever lost.

• . But Kasparov reported signs of mind in the machine, he worried there might be humans behind the scenes, feeding Deep Blue strategic insights•Bobby Fischer, the U.S. chess great of the 1970s, his consternation, he saw instead an “alien intelligence.” •The team that built Deep Blue claim no “intelligence” for it, only a large database of opening and end games, scoring and deepening functions turned with the advice of consulting grandmasters, and especially, raw speed that allows the machine to look ahead an average of fourteen half-moves per turn. Deep Blue was not designed to think like a human, to form abstract strategies or see patterns as it races through thee move/ countermove tree as fast as possible.

DEEP BLUE MATCH WITH KASPAROV

HARDWARE OF THE DEEP BLUE•Deep Blue[2] is a massively parallel computer that was solely designed to play chess. It features 30 processor nodes •In addition it has two other databases. The Extended book and the Endgame database are used to guide its moves during mid and endgame. In order to determine the next move Deep Blue utilizes a massively parallel search engine that tries to look several moves ahead. An evaluation function is employed to determine the value of a given position.

Hardware of Deep Blue

REFERENCES • http://www.cs.umd.edu/class/fall2012/cmsc828d/oldreportfiles/schulze2.pdf• https://www.research.ibm.com/deepblue/meet/html/d.3.2.html • Moravec, H. (1999). Robot (Mere Machine to

Transcendent Mind). New York: Oxford University Press.