1. Advanced Industrial ControlsDecisionMaking Circuits Brian Khairullah1

2. 2Decision-making Circuits?How can an electrical circuit make decisions? 3. 3First a few definitions 4. 4Electrical Source Anelectrical source is something that changes one form of energy into electricity like a generator, a battery or a photovoltaic (solar) cell. 5. 5Electrical Load Anelectrical load is something that changes electrical energy into some other type of energy, like light, heat, sound or motion. 6. 6Control Device Acontrol device controls the flow of current through a circuit. Any type of switch or electrical contact is a control device 7. 7Open and Closed Acontrol device can be in one of two states: OPEN 8. 8Open and Closed Acontrol device can be in one of two states: OPEN or Closed 9. 9Control Everytime we use electricity we use some type of control device, such as a switch, to decide when the load will be ON or OFF. 10. 10 ONand OFF is the basic control circuit, but as we add more control devices, we can make the circuit more complex. Depending on the state of the inputs and the logic of the circuits (how the inputs are connected) we can decide when the load will be ON and when it will be OFF. 11. 11February 15, 2014Truth Tables Truthtables show the behavior of logic functions using true and false or ones and zeroes. The output (load) is dependent on the state of the inputs and their relation to each other (series or parallel) and whether they are normally open or normally closed.. ABLoadFFFFTFTFFTTT 12. 12February 15, 2014This is called:Control Logic 13. 13February 15, 2014Logic Functions Thebasic logic functions are AND, OR, NOT, NAND and NOR. Their names are descriptive of their behavior. Hereis a short video to illustrate this fact. 14. 14Press PLAY to view video 15. 15AND Logic Andlogic is only true when ALL elements are TRUE. For example, in my house to get to the kitchen from the front door I have to walk through the living room AND the dining room. An example electrical circuit would be foot-switch that must be held down in order for the joy-stick to activate the lift control in a scissor lift or boom lift: both must be activated for the control to work. 16. 16AND Logic ABLoadFFFa 17. 17AND Logic ABLoadFFFFFFa 18. 18AND Logic ABLoadFFFFFFTFFa 19. 19AND Logic ABLoadFFFFFFTFFTTTa 20. 20AND Logic BasicAND logic uses normally open devices connected in series. 21. 21OR Logic ORlogic is true when ANY or ALL elements are TRUE. For example, when making brownies I can use butter OR margarine. An example electrical circuit would be an alarm circuit that is activated if the front door or the back door is open when the alarm system is armed. 22. 22OR Logic ABLoadFFFa 23. 23OR Logic ABLoadFFFFTTa 24. 24OR Logic ABLoadFFFFTTTFTa 25. 25OR Logic ABLoadFFFFTTTFTTTTa 26. 26OR Logic BasicOR logic uses normally open devices connected in parallel. 27. 27NOT Logic NOTLogic is when the output is opposite of the input. An example electrical circuit would be the refrigerator light that turns on when the door is open and turns off when the door is closed. This is also called negation or inversion. 28. 28NOT Logic ALoadFTa 29. 29NOT Logic ALoadFTTFa 30. 30NOT Logic NOTLogic is a unary operator that only uses one normally closed device, as opposed to AND and OR which are binary operators acting on two or more devices. 31. 31February 15, 2014Control Circuits Usingcontrol logic we can build simple control circuits to very complex processes using many devices in many combinations. We can combine AND and OR and we can negate individual elements or entire functions using the NOT operator. 32. 32February 15, 2014Combination Logic Thereare many combinations of these basic logic functions that can be connected in a circuit. We will explore more complex combinations and their applications next