Charles I’s Death Warrant…. Which was signed BEFORE his trial.

DEATH OF A KING BIRTH OF A REPUBLIC

Charles I’s Trial and Execution

&

Oliver Cromwell’s actions in the new Republic

THE PLAN

Vocabulary:• Treason: the act of trying to overthrow one’s King or

government• Republic: a country without a monarchy

• Parliament charges the king with treason

• What is Charles Argument? (p. 38 in your text?)

• What is Parliament’s Verdict?

• Find evidence from our work over the last few days of the following. Try to use specific examples where possible.

tyrant:

traitor:

murderer:

public enemy:

A KING ON TRIAL

“After a very short pause, his Majesty stretching forth his hands, the, executioner at one blow severed his head from his body; which, being held up and showed to the people, was with his body put into a coffin covered with black velvet and carried into his lodging.

His blood was taken up by divers persons for different ends: by some as trophies of their villainy; by others as relics of a martyr; and in some hath had the same effect, by the blessing of God, which was often found in his sacred touch when living.“

From an anonymous account of Charles’ death in Readings in European History (1906).

Did everyone view Charles’s Death as something to celebrate?

What does the passage say about this?

THE EXECUTION OF CHARLES I

FREEZE FRAME

The Rump Parliament (all 60 members) voted to abolish the House of Lords and the Monarchy.

Why is it called the Rump Parliament?

• Royalists left at the beginning of the civil war leaving the Presbyterians and Puritans.

• Presbyterians did not want an end to the monarchy, just limited powers.

• Puritans wanted a republic, so they kicked the Presbyterians out during Pride’s Purge.

• This is another example of the combination of religious and political conflict.

What is the problem with these actions?

Who has the power in this new Republic?

ALL HAIL THE REPUBLIC

• But… “might makes right” Oliver Cromwell had the victorious Roundhead army at his command and attacked those who disagreed with him.

• Including Ireland and Scotland who Cromwell invaded and conquered, silencing all opposition to his new Republic

• His actions in Ireland were especially brutal and had lasting consequences:

- He massacred and entire garrison in Drogheda when they rebelled against the English.

- Kicked Catholic landowners out of North Ireland and resettled them elsewhere.

- Set up Northern Ireland as a stronghold of Protestantism when he resettled in with English and Scottish Protestants.

“MIGHT MAKES RIGHT”

• Cromwell was also focusing on things at home hadn’t lost his vision for a Puritan England.

• He got fed up with the Rump Parliament and marched on it with soldiers. He kicked everyone out, put the key in his pocket and shortly after is named Lord Protector by his generals.

SOUND LIKE ANYONE ELSE WE KNOW…

CROMWELL AS LORD PROTECTOR

• He ruled through military dictatorship sets out harsh laws of no fun called the Blue Laws.

• He banned Christmas, dancing, gambling, sports, and theatre.

• He was extremely unpopular but was too powerful to overthrow.

• When he died in 1658 the republican experiment was over.

CROMWELL AS LORD PROTECTOR

Oliver Cromwell has one of the most complex legacies in the history of England. To many he was a hero who rid them

of an unpopular king. To others he was an admirable religious leader who tried to transform the Church of England into a truly Protestant religious institution.

On the other hand, Cromwell instituted similar policies to the king he helped defeat. He ruled England as a dictator and his policies limited the religious freedom of Catholics and the political freedom of Parliament and the press. His policies also led to an increase in violence between Irish Catholics and English Protestants. Dependent on one's

views Oliver Cromwell could be either a hero or a villain. His legacy remains open for interpretation.

CROMWELL’S LEGACY?