This presentation was first delivered to the UKCoD ‘Promoting Achievement for Young Deaf People’ Conference on Tuesday 22 November 2005 in London.

The Achievements of Deaf Pupils in Scotland Project 2000–2005Dr. Ernst ThoutenhoofdMoray House School of EducationThe University of Edinburgh

Project Director: Marian GrimesOffice Manager: Emily Healy

Project funded by the Scottish Executive Education Department (2000–2005) and by NDCS Scotland (2005)

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“...we have no significant evidence to demonstrate an overall improvement in the education of deaf children since Conrad’s study.” [added emphasis]Stephen Powers, Susan Gregory & Ernst Thoutenhoofd (1998)The Educational Achievements of Deaf Children: A Literature Review.Research Report 65. London: DfEE. ISBN 0-85522-789-3

Conrad, R. (1979) The Deaf School Child. London, England: Harper and Row.

1998 DfEE report conclusion

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“….a balanced, wide and varied range of measures is needed to account for the diversity among the deaf pupil population, and the diversity of educational provision.”Powers et al. 1998

1998 DfEE report finding

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ADPS longitudinal objective

To develop an system for the ongoing collection and dissemination of information on the achievements and attainments of deaf children and young people in Scotland.

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Pupils in schools for deaf children.

Pre/school pupils included in the study

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Pupils in mainstream schools with HI unit.

Pupils visited twice a year or more.

—Inclusion in the study is not based on level of hearing loss.

Service planning and monitoring.

Benefits to specialist services/schools

Contribute to national picture.Track effects of policy changes and technology developments.Compare local with national data.‘Statistical partner’ comparisons.

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ADPS national data: exemplars

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2,030 pupils in the database6,108 year records22,724 attainment records

Details at 24 October 2005.Nb: Some of the information on the slides that follow is ‘work in progress’. Not all of the tables have been checked by the ADPS team, and therefore errors may exist. For final data published through the project, consult the ADPS website.

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The ADPS population, 2000–2005

1416

654

576

total pupils known to deaf educationservices (n=2070)

Scottish Executive total(from results of Sep 2000

school census*)

total number of deaf school pupils in Scotland2000/01

group B school pupils

group A school pupils

*September 2000 schools census figure taken from Scottish Executive Statistical Bulletin Edn/B1/2001/2

© adps

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70.9%41,576

45.1%37

57.0%33,295

32.5%26

67.5%39,653

41.7%35

reading writing maths

5-14 National Test passes at level D and above among P7-age group A school pupils in Scotland and all pupils in Scotland (excluding SEN*)2000/01 (all P7 pupils n=59,147**; all P7-age deaf pupils n=103)

P7 total of 'all pupils'***reading n=58,610writing n=58,418maths n=58,726

P7-age total of deaf pupils***reading n=82writing n=80maths n=84

© adps

* All P7-age pupils in school & units for children with special educational needs (ADPS figures include schools/units for deaf children)** 'All pupils' figures taken from "5-14 Attainment in Publicly Funded Schools" SEED, 24 Jan 2002*** These totals do not include children who are working towards Level A or for whom information is not available

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72.6%44,708

36.8%42

59.8%36,751

29.8%31

69.0%42,552

28.7%33

Reading Writing Maths

5-14 National Test passes at level D and above among P7 group A school pupils and all pupils in Scotland (excluding SEN*)2001/02 (all P7 pupils n=62,118**; deaf P7 pupils n=137)

P7 total of 'all pupils'reading n=61,568writing n=61,426maths n=61,686

P7 total of deaf pupilsreading n=114writing n=104maths n=115

* All P7 pupils in school & units for children with special educational needs (ADPS figures include schools/units for deaf children)** 'All pupils' figures taken from "5-14 Attainment in Publicly Funded Schools" SEED, 24 Jan 2002

© adps

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5:00-6:11 7:00-8:11 9:00-10:11 11:00-12:11 13:00-14:11 15:00-16:11 17:00+

N= 792 69 146 180 136 132 100 29

2:00 > 1 1 1 3above 1:00-1:11 10 3 8 2 2

0–0:11 19 20 25 11 12 6 2

0 2 1 4 3 1 5 3

0–0:11 31 30 31 25 18 20 5below 1:00–1:11 12 50 49 24 21 7 2

2:00–2:11 2 24 31 16 10 5 13:00–3:11 1 10 20 18 13 9 34:00–4:11 1 15 14 8 10 25:00–5:11 11 11 5 36:00–6:11 1 4 19 11 17:00–7:11 1 7 78:00–8:11 6 11 19:00–9:11 1 1 2

10:00 > 1 4

(unexplained) 2

CHRONOLOGICAL AGE YEAR 2000–01READING AGE

Reading age

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Age at 19.03.03 calculated from date of birth given

no. of teachers% of total

50yrs+ 47 18.6%

40-49yrs 127 50.2%

39yrs or younger 67 26.5%

no date of birth given 12 4.7%

253 100.0%

Age range of teachers of deaf pupils in Scotland, 2003 (n=253)

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Tracking the effects of policy changes and technology developments

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Cochlear implantation

Cochlear implant details(October 2005)

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(n) Age DOB_CI CI_Census Age at CI CI experience

preschool (n) 29average 3.7 32.6 10.8 2.3 0.5median 4.0 30.0 6.0 2.1 0.1st dev 1.1 11.4 10.2 0.9 0.7

primary (n) 83average 8.4 42.1 52.3 3.0 4.0median 8.1 39.0 55.0 3.0 4.1st dev 2.1 17.3 24.2 1.5 1.9

secondary (n) 31average 15.2 102.0 67.7 8.2 5.3median 16.0 105.0 60.0 8.1 5.0st dev 2.1 53.3 35.5 4.5 3.0

55

11

27

96

0

10

42 1 1

full-timemainstream

school

full-timemainstreamschool with

HI unit

splitmainstream &

school fordeaf pupils

full-timeschool fordeaf pupils

full-timeschool forother SEN

othereducational

situation

group A school pupils in Scotland with a Cochlear Implant by type of placement and by school level2001/02 (n=126)

primary secondary

© adps

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Full-time placement: profound/ci(October 2005)

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2.5 3.5year 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

(n) 185 149 131 119 91 106 108 110

Mainstream 25.4 20.1 22.9 26.1 57.1 50.9 46.3 43.6Units 35.7 34.9 31.3 26.9 30.8 32.1 38 37.3School for deaf pupils 34.6 40.3 42 42.9 11 15.1 13.9 17.3SEN setting 3.8 4 3.8 4.2 1.1 1.9 1.9 1.8

Other settings 0.5 0.7

2.5 = deaf pupils with profound bilateral deafness, without ci.3.5 = deaf pupils with ci.

Changes in placement, 2000–2003, n=155(October 2005)

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originally in: mainstream design. unit/ resource deaf school moved to: mainstream school 60 3 3 designated integrated 7 10 HI unit/ resource base 7 3 39 1 School for deaf pupils 5 1 4 12 total placements 79 14 46 16 nº moved out 19 4 7 4 nº moved in 6 7 11 10

Support service language policy, n=152 (October 2005)

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No detail provided 3 1.8

No specific policy 30 19.7

English monolingual 4 2.6

Specifically natural aural 17 11.2

English and BSL bilingual 23 15.1

Total Communication options:

Sign supported English with English 6 3.9

Signed English with English 0 0.0

Either of the above, with some use of BSL 50 32.9

Other definition of Total Communication 11 7.2

Other (designed to meet ‘individual need’, etc.) 8 5.2

Selected cohorts: hearing loss and ci n= 124 (yr1); 137 (yr2); 116 (yr3)

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2000-2001 N= A+ C+UL 1 2 3 4 5 CI UL 1 2 3 4 5 CI

P6N= 118 3 2 21 39 24 14 9 3 2 21 39 24 14 9Reading 112 3 2 19 35 20 8 9 3 1 15 24 12 1 4Writing 106 3 2 18 34 18 5 9 2 0 13 22 10 1 2Maths 119 2 2 21 36 21 11 9 2 0 10 21 13 2 4% average 89 100 92 90 82 57 100 78 17 60 57 49 9.5 37

2001-2002 A+ D+UL 1 2 3 4 5 CI UL 1 2 3 4 5 CI

P7N= 127 5 5 24 41 24 12 9 4 5 24 41 24 21 9Reading 121 5 5 22 41 22 10 9 1 1 11 14 11 3 3Writing 107 4 5 21 38 19 6 9 1 1 9 9 9 1 1Maths 119 4 5 24 40 21 9 9 1 1 7 14 7 1 3% average 87 100 93 97 86 69 100 25 20 38 30 38 7.9 26

2002-2003 A+ D+UL 1 2 3 4 5 CI UL 1 2 3 4 5 CI

S1N= 112 7 4 21 37 18 8 7 7 4 21 37 18 8 7Reading 110 5 4 19 33 18 6 7 3 0 11 17 10 1 4Writing 108 4 4 18 32 16 5 7 3 0 10 13 8 1 3Maths 112 5 4 19 32 18 6 7 3 0 9 15 5 1 5% average 67 100 89 87 96 71 100 43 0 48 41 43 13 57

Notes to slide 21

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Details as at 22 February 2005. ‘Year 1’ is school year 2000–01. The hearing loss descriptors represent: UL (all unilateral hearing loss), 1 (within normal limits), 2 (mild hearing loss), 3 (moderate hearing loss), 4 (severe hearing loss), 5 (profound hearing loss), CI (cochlear implanted pupils). The dataset was since recoded for hearing loss, so that these details have now been replaced with a different ordinal scale.

The table does not offer the number of pupils within each category, but the “% average” gives the percentage of those who have achied at the given level for any of the three subjects, against the total number of pupils within that category of hearing loss. Level ‘A’ is the threshold (base) level of attainment targeted at the start of Primary. Progression towards Level F is assumed to be continuous from P2 to S2. Figures exclude pupils in SEN settings, but include those pupils in deaf schools for whom their year group is known (ie sufficient basis exists for those pupils to progress). Figures also exclude those for whom outcomes were not reported or not known.

Reading age yr1 (ci disaggregated)n=792 (ci=69)

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N= 69 12 14622 18020 1368 1325 100 2 29

>2 1 1 1 3above 1–2 10 1 3 8 2 2

0–1 192 20 3 25 4 111 121 6 2

0 2 1 1 1 4 3 1 5 1 3

0–1 315 30 7 315 25 1 18 20 5below 1–2 123 50 4 49 6 24 1 211 7 2

2–3 2 24 5 313 162 10 1 5 13–4 1 1 10 1 20 2 18 3 131 9 34–5 1 15 141 8 10 25–6 11 11 5 36–7 1 4 191 11 17–8 1 7 7 18–9 6 11 1

9–10 1 1 2>10 1 4

2

13–15 15–17 17+

(unexplained)

5–7 7–9 9–11 11–13

Notes to slide 23

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Details as at 22 February 2005. ‘Year 1’ is school year 2000–01. Figures include all pupils for whom reading age assessments were reported, regardless of placement or SEN.

The column headings list chronological (actual) age, in bands -- there may be a skewing effect on the data due to banding, which is not investigated. The vertical rows list the reported reading age, expressed in years above or below chronological age.

The ‘all pupil’ figures (in black) include those of the ci pupils (in red). Note that the figures report the number of reading age test instances, not the number of pupils -- ie, in some instances, more than one reading age assessment may have been reported for a pupil, and all have been included.

Simon Laurie House, Moray House School of EducationThe University of EdinburghHolyrood RoadEdinburgh EH8 8AQ

Tel: 0131 651 6462 (voice) Tel: 0131 651 6470 (text)Fax: 0131 651 6469 Email: deafachieve@ed.ac.uk Website: http://www.education.ed.ac.uk/adps

ADPS contact details

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