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Evidence for my ePortfolio - One unit from my 13-lesson manual designed as a self-paced study for the janitorial staff of our school district. http://eportfolio4mwalkerwade.wordpress.com/
Citation preview
New Haven Adult SchoolCareer & Technical Education
CUSTODIAN
PRACTICES &
PROCEDURES
Custodial & Building Services: – Lesson Overviews
# Unit Title Unit Objectives
1 Overview of Your job as a Janitor (2.5 hours)
� Name at least two places where janitors work � List many of the tasks a janitor must do on the job � Name other job titles for “janitor” � List the physical requirements for working as a janitor
2 Math on the Job (5 hours) � Use multiplication to determine the correct amount of cleaning product-to-water should be used in a solution mix
� Calculate how much square footage of floor one bottle of cleaning solution can clean.
� Calculate the amount of time available to complete a particular task to ensure that all required tasks can be completed within one workday.
3 Caring for Supplies and Equipment (5 hours)
� Explain what should be done when you are running low on supplies.
� Explain the best way to organize supplies in your supply cabinet � Recognize and identify janitorial supplies and equipment by
name.
4 The Housekeeping Cart (1.5 hours)
� Explain the purpose of a housekeeping cart � State other names to call a housekeeping cart. � Explain the advantages of using a housekeeping cart. � List items that you should normally keep on your housekeeping
cart.
5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning (10 hours)
� Explain basic safety rules for cleaning chemicals � List four things you should never do with chemicals � Determine what kind of cleaning product should be used to
clean different clean-up jobs � Define “Cleaning” � Identify the range of a pH scale � Explain the difference between Acids, Bases, and Neutral � Identify which cleaning products are acids and which are bases � Determine when to use an acid or a base product for a
particular job 6 Cleaning and Disinfecting (2
hours) � Explain how to kill bacteria � List why it is important to kill harmful bacteria � Explain what helps bacteria grow � Discuss how to control bacteria growth in a hospital setting
7 Cleaning To Perfection – Office Cleaning Training (3 hours)
� Explain how to clean restrooms, entryways, elevators, stairwells, and breakrooms.
� Explain how to empty the trash, dust, mop, and vacuum � List the five common complaints about a restrooms cleanliness � List the five common complaints about emptying trash cans � List the four common complaints customers have about dusting
jobs � State the four common complaints customers have about the
cleanliness of floors
Custodial & Building Services: – Lesson Overviews
8 Restroom and Locker Room Cleaning (3 hours)
� Explain the purpose of a floor drain � Name six things in a restroom on which to use a germicide
cleaner � Examine a Restroom/Lock room cleaning schedule � Describe the steps to take when reloading the paper towel
dispenser � Define “dwell time” � List the surfaces in a shower that should be cleaned and
disinfected
9 Classroom Cleaning (2 hours) � Examine a Classroom cleaning schedule � Describe how to remove gum from the carpet � Explain best practices for cleaning chalkboards and
whiteboards 10 Cafeteria Cleaning (5 hours) � Examine a Cafeteria cleaning schedule
� List the general rules for cafeteria sanitation � List the four things a food service cleaning schedule will tell you. � Discuss guidelines for industrial dishwashing and sanitizing. � Discuss how the custodian/janitor assist food service facilities
with pest control � List the safety precautions when working in food services areas
11 Carpet Cleaning (5 hours) � Describe the Hot Water Extraction, Spin Bonneting, and Encapsulation Carpet Cleaning methods of carpet cleaning.
� List the six common complaints from customers about carpet cleaning
� Explain the three types of strokes used for the Hot Water Extraction method
� Differentiate between a pre-spray and a neutralizer � Explain the four fundamentals of soil suspension � Explain tips and techniques when carpet cleaning.
12 Cleaning for Health & Green Technology (3 hours)
� Name common “touch points” in an office or other cleaning area � Define “green cleaning” � Explain the basic idea of “green cleaning” � Explain what is meant by: eco-logo, environmentally safe
cleaning supplies, Green Seal, and LEED � Examine the impact green cleaning is making on the hotel
industry 13 Job Shadows (8 hours) � TBA
Lesson 5
Cleaning Products
and the Chemistry of Cleaning
New Haven Adult SchoolCareer & Technical Education
Custodian and Building Services Custodian and Building Services SelfSelf--paced Trainingpaced Training
Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning
Lesson 5, Page 1
Introduction The purpose of this lesson is to introduce you to some of the more complex facts that a janitor or custodian should know about cleaning products. Because cleaning products are in fact made up of chemicals, understanding the basic elements of a certain cleaning product is necessary when deciding which cleaning product will be most effective. At the end of this lesson you will be able to:
� Explain basic safety rules for cleaning chemicals � List four things you should never do with chemicals � Determine what kind of cleaning product should be used to clean different clean-up jobs
Review the following vocabulary. Read pages 20-25 in the “The Complete Custodial
Handbook”.
Categories of Chemicals for Cleaning - Vocabulary
���� Organic soap – A cleansing agent made from a mixture of animal fat or
plant oil and a chemical called caustic soda
���� Synthetic detergent : A liquid or solid material able to dissolve oily
materials and disperse them (or emulsify them) in water.
���� Disinfectant – A cleansing agent that also destroys bacteria and germs
���� Germicide – An agent that stops the growth of bacteria and germs
���� Caustic (alkaline) – an agent that is capable of burning, corroding,
dissolving, or eating away by chemical action
���� Corrosive (acid) – An agent that has the ability to destroy a metal or alloy
little by little, when it comes in contact with oxygen or certain chemicals
���� Abrasive powder - A cleaning products that contains an abrasive material,
often a mineral, that is used to shape, finish, or polish an object through
rubbing which leads to part of the object being worn away.
Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning
Lesson 5, Page 2
���� Solvent : A substance, usually a liquid, capable of dissolving another
substance.
���� pH Scale : A scale, running from 1 to 14, for expressing how acid or alkaline
a solution is. A strong acid with a high concentration of hydrogen ions has a
pH of 1-3, a neutral solution has a pH of 7, and a strongly alkaline solution
has a pH of 10-14.
Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning
Lesson 5, Page 3
Answer the questions below. Then, working with a partner, use the internet website
provided to complete the table of cleaning chemicals on page 4 and 5 of this handout.
Review your answers with your teacher. Safety Rules for Chemicals
1. What two should you know and do before you start mixing a cleaning chemical?
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________
2. Give two reasons why you should not use a chemical from an unmarked bottle?
a. _______________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________
3. Using the Mixture Rations chart on page 21
a. How much water do you need if you are using 8.5 oz of chemical? ___________
b. How many ounces of chemical is needed if you are using 6 parts of water? ______
4. What may happen if a solution mixture is too weak? _____________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. What may happen if a solution mixture is too strong? It will _______________________
and may ______________________________ , and may cause ___________________
6. Read page 22, points 4 -10 and name FOUR things you should never do.
a. ________________________________
b. ________________________________
c. ____________________________
d. ____________________________
Cus
todi
an &
Bui
ldin
g Se
rvic
es:
Les
son
5 C
lean
ing
Pro
duct
s an
d th
e C
hem
istr
y of
Cle
anin
g
Les
son
5, P
age
4
Cat
egor
ies
of C
hem
ical
s us
ed in
the
Cle
anin
g In
dust
ry
Loca
te th
e fo
llow
ing
prod
ucts
on
the
Val
tech
Indu
stri
es w
ebsi
te, a
nd c
ompl
ete
the
char
t for
eac
h. T
he fi
rst o
ne h
as b
een
com
plet
ed fo
r yo
u as
an
exam
ple.
The
Val
tec
web
add
ress
is:
http
://va
lteci
ndus
trie
s.co
m/in
dust
rial
clea
ners
.htm
l
1.
Org
anic
soa
ps: V
alte
c P
rodu
ct N
ame:
Env
iro-T
erra
Con
cent
rate
(Bel
ow is
an
exam
ple
of h
ow to
ans
wer
eac
h)
For
m
Pur
pose
U
se o
n w
hat
surf
aces
E
ffect
ive
Use
D
irect
ions
Liqu
id
Mul
it-pu
rpos
e cl
eane
r S
tain
less
ste
el,
Alu
min
um, C
oppe
r,
Bra
ss
Con
cret
e, s
tone
, bri
ck
Por
cela
in, c
eram
ic
• C
alci
um a
nd li
me
depo
sits
.
• M
old,
mild
ew a
nd
soap
scu
m.
• R
ust a
nd
disc
olor
atio
n.
• U
se fu
ll st
reng
th o
r up
with
up
to 2
5 pa
rts
wat
er.
• U
se b
y ha
nd,
spra
yer
or fo
amer
.
2.
Syn
thet
ic d
eter
gent
s (S
D):
Val
tec
Pro
duct
Nam
e: L
ow F
oam
Ext
ract
or C
once
ntra
te
For
m
Pur
pose
U
se o
n w
hat
surf
aces
E
ffect
ive
Use
D
irect
ions
Cus
todi
an &
Bui
ldin
g Se
rvic
es:
Les
son
5 C
lean
ing
Pro
duct
s an
d th
e C
hem
istr
y of
Cle
anin
g
Les
son
5, P
age
5
Dis
infe
ctan
t syn
thet
ic d
eter
gent
s
Val
tec
Pro
duct
Nam
e: L
emon
Dis
infe
ctan
t Cle
aner
For
m
Pur
pose
U
se o
n w
hat
surf
aces
E
ffect
ive
Use
D
irect
ions
Sha
mpo
os V
alte
c P
rodu
ct N
ame:
Dis
solv
e A
ll (2
0 G
al)
For
m
Pur
pose
U
se o
n w
hat
surf
aces
E
ffect
ive
Use
D
irect
ions
Am
mon
ia: V
alte
c P
rodu
ct N
ame:
Am
mon
iate
d G
lass
Cle
aner
For
m
Pur
pose
U
se o
n w
hat
surf
aces
E
ffect
ive
Use
D
irect
ions
Cus
todi
an &
Bui
ldin
g Se
rvic
es:
Les
son
5 C
lean
ing
Pro
duct
s an
d th
e C
hem
istr
y of
Cle
anin
g
Les
son
5, P
age
6
Abr
asiv
e C
lean
ser
: Val
tec
Pro
duct
Nam
e: C
rem
e C
lust
e
For
m
Pur
pose
U
se o
n w
hat
surf
aces
E
ffect
ive
Use
D
irect
ions
Sol
vent
s (
petr
oleu
m d
istil
late
s): V
alte
c P
rodu
ct N
ame:
Env
iro-T
erra
Con
cent
rate
For
m
Pur
pose
U
se o
n w
hat
surf
aces
E
ffect
ive
Use
D
irect
ions
Met
al p
olis
hes
: Val
tec
Pro
duct
Nam
e: S
tain
less
Ste
el C
lean
er
For
m
Pur
pose
U
se o
n w
hat
surf
aces
E
ffect
ive
Use
D
irect
ions
Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning
Lesson 5, Page 7
Continuing On The purpose of this next part of lesson 5 is to introduce give you some understanding about pH balances as it pertains to cleaning products. This will add to your ability to select the appropriate cleaning product for the cleaning task. At the end of this lesson you will be able to:
� Define “Cleaning” � Identify the range of a pH scale � Explain the difference between Acids, Bases, and Neutral � Identify which cleaning products are acids and which are bases � Determine when to use an acid or a base product for a particular job
Go to the CSC Yahoo Group. Go to Links > Custodial & Building Services, and watch the video
clips for lesson 5. Follow along with the reading found in the next few pages of in this handout.
(When the video refers to “the slide” just continue reading in this handout and watching the
videos – there are no slides). Complete the practice exercise problems as instructed on the
video. Take notes. Replay the video clip as needed.
���� Watch the video: Lesson05_Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning: Video 1 of 4
���� Watch the video: Lesson05_Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning: Video 2 of 4
and read the section below.
What is pH and why is it important to the janitoria l worker?
When you “clean” something, what are you doing? By definition, you are removing soil from a
surface. Soil can be dirt, pizza sauce, or anything that does not belong on the surface of the item.
When we clean something, we use cleaning solutions Cleanings solution interacts with the soil,
breaks its connection to the surface, and safely washes it away, restoring the surface to its
original state.
The cleaning industry has created products that work effectively on most common soils and
surfaces encountered in any given cleaning application. These types of cleaning solutions are
said to be “pH Balanced”.
Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning
Lesson 5, Page 8
Image 5.1 – pH Scale
���� Watch the video: Lesson05_Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning: Video 3 of 4
and read the section below.
What is “pH Balance”? pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
���� Water based solutions range from a pH of 0 to 14.
���� pH range from: 0 – 6 is acidic.
���� pH range from: 8 – 14 is basic or alkaline .
���� The mid point of the pH scale, 7.0, is called neutral. Pure water is neutral.
Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning
Lesson 5, Page 9
���� Watch the video: Lesson05_Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning: Video 4 of 4
and read the section below.
Low pH = Acidic
���� Solutions with a pH that is lower than 7, is an acidic solution
���� Acids are usually sour or bitter to the taste
���� Coffee, cola, and lemon juice all have an acidic pH.
���� When used in cleaning products, acids help to break down difficult stains like rust or mineral deposits.
Some common cleaning products that have an acidic pH are:
���� Hard water/mineral deposit removers
���� Toilet bowl cleaners
���� Rust stain removers
���� Tub and tile cleaners
���� Mold removers
High pH = Basic (alkaline)
���� A solution with a pH that is higher than 7 is basic (or alkaline).
���� Products with basic pH values are useful for removing fatty and oily soils from surfaces – including your hands!
���� Your average bottle of hand soap has a pH of 9 or 10.
���� Bleach, which is useful for cleaning and disinfecting surfaces in your home, has a pH of 12.5.
Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning
Lesson 5, Page 10
Most cleaning products these days are already pH Balanced. This simply means that the pH of
the solution has been raised or lowered to get the best balance to clean the surface without
destroying it.
For example, a product designed to remove rust stains would have a pH that’s low enough to
dissolve tough rust stains, but high enough to leave your bathtub’s enamel surfaces unharmed.
Because most products are pH balanced, you will be safe as long as you…
���� Follow the directions on the label
���� Do not mix one product with another product
There are many of cleaning products on the market but in reality the best products are still plain
Clorox, liquid soaps, and ammonia.
The Cleaning Process
We have taken the following information directly from CLEANINGPRODUCTS.COM. You can learn more about their services and products by going to www.aboutcleaningproducts.com
What’s in a Cleaning Solution? A cleaning solution has to be fairly versatile and suitable for dealing with a variety of types of
soils. For example, water normally does not work well to remove an oily soil, such as a greasy
mess on the stovetop. So, to enhance the power of water a number of ingredients can be added
to form a more effective water-based solution. Surfactants, solvents, and chelants mixed with
water will improve its ability to dissolve the oily soil. Builders, bleaches, and enzymes can be
added to water to chemically modify the oily soil to make it more soluble in water. The optimal
combination of these ingredients in water will deliver a truly powerful cleaning solution.
Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning
Lesson 5, Page 11
Feel like you just got hit with a bunch of vocabulary? Here’s a quick tutorial.
���� Builders : Compounds that adjust pH to optimize cleaning performance and contribute to suspending soils.
���� Bleaches : Compounds that oxidize and remove soils and lighten the color of stains.
���� Enzymes : Biological proteins that speed the breakdown of soils.
���� Surfactants : Compounds that allow cleaning solution to wet surfaces, emulsify greasy soils, and lift away dirt.
���� Solvents : Organics that dissolves soils.
���� Chelants – Compounds that bind with metal ions in solution (e.g., calcium and magnesium found in soap scum).
The cleaning solutions you use to clean your countertops, windows, and bathtubs all likely have
at least one or more of these “clean-boosters” in their ingredients. The more “clean-boosters”
there are in the solution, the more versatile it is.
The Math Behind Cleaning
Did you know cleaning is more than just chemistry? There’s actually an equation that determines
the total amount of energy it takes to properly clean something:
Total Energy(Cleaning) = Energy(Mechanical) + Energ y(Thermal) + Energy(Chemical)
There are three types of energy that combine to create a clean surface.
1. Mechanical energy comes from you, scrubbing away.
2. Thermal energy comes from the temperature of the cleaning solution, such as hot soapy
water.
3. Chemical energy is what the chemicals in cleaning products bring to the equation.
Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning
Lesson 5, Page 12
So, if you don’t want to scrub very hard, but still want the same Total Energy that gets the dirty
surface 100% clean, you need to raise either the Thermal energy or the Chemical energy. For
example, imagine washing a dirty dinner plate with a sponge and some soapy water. If the water
is cold, you’ll have to scrub harder, but if the water is hot, you won’t get a sore arm.
Chemical Energy Explained You can tell the difference between scrubbing hard and barely scrubbing, and the difference
between hot water and cold water. But how does chemical energy vary?
Cleaning formulas provide chemical energy through:
���� Wetting of the surface and soil
���� Emulsification of oils
���� Saponification, or creating water soluble soaps with basic or alkaline compounds
���� Softening of water to neutralize the negative effects of calcium and magnesium hard water
���� Adding enzymes and/or bleach to attack stains
���� Cleaning with solvents in combination with or in place of water
These factors are often used together to maximize effects. Before commercial products are
released to the public, the final cleaning products are tested extensively for performance, safety,
and their impact on the environment.
Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning
Lesson 5, Page 13
Answer the questions below. Turn in to your teacher for a grade. Chemicals for Cleaning – and pH levels
1) Cleaning solutions are said to be “pH balanced” because they have been created to work
effectively on _____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2) Think about the pH Scale, What range are solutions that are
a) Acidic? ____________
b) Neutral? ____________
c) Basic (Alkaline)? ____________
3) Using the pH Scale diagram, what pH level is:
a) Vinegar? ____________
b) Water? ____________
c) Liquid soap? ____________
4) Which of the solutions in question #3 might help breakdown a difficult stain like rust in a toilet
bowl? ____________
5) Which of the solutions in question #3 might help clean an oil spot in the carpet? ___________
6) Bleach has a pH level of .12.5, and is good for ____________and ____________ many
surfaces. However, you will find that some worksites will not allow you to use it as a cleaning
agent.
Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning
Lesson 5, Page 14
7) Water alone does not work well when cleaning ________________________. But you can
use a solution of water mixed with a ________________________ which will help emulsify
the greasy soil and lift the dirt away.
� To “emulsify” means: to change an oily substance into a milky liquid.
8) Generally, is it better to use warm or cold water when clean? ____________
9) How do surfactants work?
a) They make water ____________
b) They ____________, ____________ and ____________soil.
c) They ____________ the soil away from the surface
10) How do solvents work?
a) They ________________________ stains.
b) They ____________soil particles.
c) They prevent __________________________ from returning
Valtech Industries – Surfactants and Solvents
Locate the following products on the Valtech Industries website. Follow the steps below to answer
the corresponding questions and to complete the chart below. The Valtec web address is:
http://valtecindustries.com/industrialcleaners.html
Product research : Surfactants
3. Go to the Valtech Industries web address shown above
4. Type the word “surfactant” in the search box located in the top-right corner of the screen.
5. Click on the link for the product called Enviro-Terra Concentrate
Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning
Lesson 5, Page 15
6. Read the first line of the product description where it says: “This liquid multipurpose cleaner
cleans with the heavy-duty power of an ____________.
7. What pH range do you think this product is with in? ____________
8. Do you think this product would be effective as a toilet bowl cleaner? ____________.
9. Read the list titled “Effective against”. Which of the items on this list might you find when
cleaning a toilet bowl?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
10. Click the link that says “Click here for MSDS”. A Material Safety Data Sheet will open.
11. Examine the MSDS and find the:
a. pH range: __________ – ____________
b. Appearance and odor: ________________________________________________
c. Incompatibility: ______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Solvents
1. Go back to the Valtech Industries web search box. Type the word “solvent”
2. Click the link for each of the following products. below
3. For each one identify whether it breaks-up a stain or dissolves a soil particle. Then indicate
what the solvent will clean
(Below is an example of how to answer each)
Product name Breaks-up stain
Dissolves a soil
Solvent will clean…
Silicone Spray
Graff-off
RP-7 Cleaner
Dissolve All