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Collaborative & Cooperative Learning in EFL. Integration with ICT and materials designing
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COLLABORATIVE / COLLABORATIVE / COOPERATIVE COOPERATIVE
LEARNING LEARNING Same or Same or
different?different?
Flores, Martínez & Sevilla ©2010
Collaborative / Cooperative Collaborative / Cooperative LearningLearning
Collaboration is a philosophy of interaction and personal lifestyle whereas cooperation is a structure of interaction designed to facilitate the accomplishment of an end product or goal. (Panitz & Ted, 1996)
o Collaborative Learning
Collaborative / Cooperative Collaborative / Cooperative LearningLearning
Collaborative learning is a personal philosophy, not just a classroom technique. In all situations where people come together in groups, it suggests a way of dealing with people which respects and highlights individual group members' abilities and contributions. There is a sharing of authority and acceptance of responsibility among group members for the groups actions.
o Collaborative Learning
Collaborative / Cooperative Collaborative / Cooperative LearningLearning
Cooperative learning is defined by a set of processes which help people interact together in order to accomplish a specific goal or develop an end product which is usually content specific. It is more directive than a collaborative system of governance and closely controlled by the teacher.
o Cooperative Learning
Collaborative / Cooperative Collaborative / Cooperative LearningLearning
Cooperative learning utilizes ideas of Vygotsky, Piaget, and Kohlberg in that both the individual and the social setting are active dynamics in the learning process as students attempt to imitate real-life learning. (Guinevere Palmer, Rachel Peters, Rebecca Streetman, 2008)
o Cooperative Learning
Collaborative / Cooperative Collaborative / Cooperative LearningLearning
o Differences Panitz (1996)
Collaborative Collaborative style
focuses on the process of working together.
Collaborative learning has British roots.
Collaboration is a philosophy of interaction and personal lifestyle
The students are in charge of obtaining the additional source material.
Cooperative Cooperation stresses
the product of working together.
Cooperative learning has largely American roots.
Cooperation is a structure of interaction to facilitate the accomplishment of goals
The teacher provides extra materials for learners to analyze.
Collaborative / Cooperative Collaborative / Cooperative LearningLearning
o Differences Panitz (1996)
Collaborative The teacher would be available for consultations to facilitate group discussions
The final product is determined by each group
The students develop a very strong ownership for the process.
Cooperative The teacher might
use specific structures, such as a Jig Saw model, to help facilitate the group interactions.
The teacher may require a specific product such as a paper or report.
The teacher maintains control of the process at each stage
Collaborative / Cooperative Collaborative / Cooperative LearningLearning
o Differences (Rockwood, 1995)
Collaborative The instructor
abdicates his or her authority and empowers the small groups.
Groups are often given more open-ended, complex tasks.
Collaborative style is used for higher level, less foundational knowledge.
Cooperative The instructor is the
center of authority in the class .
Group tasks are usually more closed-ended.
Cooperative learning style is used for foundational knowledge (traditional).
Collaborative / Cooperative Collaborative / Cooperative LearningLearning
o Implications in EFL Teaching
* It fosters the use of socio-affective strategies
* It allows a classroom atmosphere improvement.
Peer support
Group hetereogenity
Others’ perspective
Relatively intimate setting
Strength of self-confidence
Partners encouragement
Collaborative / Cooperative Collaborative / Cooperative LearningLearning
o Implications in EFL Teaching
* It promotes communicative interaction
* It allows students’ learning and academic achievement
Share of ideas
Problem solving
Meaning negotiation
Active process involvement
Longer retention
Critical thinking skills development
Collaborative / Cooperative Collaborative / Cooperative LearningLearning
o Didactic Materials Designing & ICT* Computers play a role of cooperative tool
Web discussions
E-learning communities
Group research
Web Quests
* Collaboration can take place:
Before working at the computer
While using the computer
During a pause in computer useAfter using the computer
Positive interdependence: Roles
Keyboarder, navigator, mouse captain, hardware handler…
Collaborative / Cooperative Collaborative / Cooperative LearningLearning
o Didactic Materials Designing & ICTICT provide excellent tools to create didactic materials that promote collaboration among EFL students. However, materials or computers themselves cannot foster cooperative work; teachers have the responsibility to prepare activities where the students can learn the language cooperatively.