Makenzie Evans

He was born on November 1st 1880 in Berlin and died November 2nd 1930

In 1905 Alfred got his Ph.D. in astronomy In 1912 he publicly advocated the theory

of continental drift He was a German scientist, geologist, and

meteorologist He had an idea that all the continents

were once all together and he called it Pangaea

The hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth’s surface

Evidence from landforms- when you piece together the continents Africa and South America Wegener noticed that one mountain range in South Africa and Argentina lined up together to be the same mountain range

Evidence from fossils- the fossils of the reptiles the Mesosaurus and the Lystrosaurus have been found in places now separated by oceans both of these reptiles couldn’t have swam that far so it only means that the two places were once one area and then split apart

Evidence from Climate- in Spitsbergen which is a very cold harsh island they found a tropical plant which could only mean that Spitsbergen had to have been warmer which could only result in saying that it used to be closer to the equator which means it had to have moved

He was born May 24th 1906 and died August 25th 1969

He was a geologist and a United States Navy officer in World War 2

He graduated from Yale in 1927 with a B.S. degree

He is considered the father of unifying the theory of plate tectonics

Hess died from a heart attack

The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor

Evidence from Molten Material- in the 1960’s scientists found evidence that new material is indeed erupting along the mid-ocean ridge, Alvin’s crew found strange rocks shaped like pillows when they went down to explore the ocean floor

Evidence from Magnetic Stripes-when scientists studied patterns in the rocks of the ocean floor, they found more support for sea-floor spreading, evidence shows that Earth’s magnetic poles have reversed them selves before

Evidence from Drilling Samples- the final proof of sea-floor spreading came from rock samples obtained by drilling into the ocean floor, the Glomar Challenger gathered the samples

Subduction- the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary

Mid-Ocean Ridge- the undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary

Sonar- a device that determines the distance of an object under water by recording echoes of sound waves