CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT

BYSAIF HASAN11510011M. ARCH. 1 YEAR

1. Introduction2. Steps In Project Management3. Working With Project Teams4. Project Initiation, Estimates & Budgeting5. Project Planning & Scheduling6. Construction Phase7. Building Information Modeling8. Case Studies 9. Project Management Softwares

OVERVIEW

1. INTRODUCTIONProject Management Is Concerned With The Overall Planning And Co-ordination Of A Project From Conception To Completion Aimed At Meeting The Stated Requirements And Ensuring Completion On Time, Within Cost And To Required Quality Standards.

“A project is a one-shot, time-limited, goal-directed, major undertaking, requiring the commitment of varied skills and resources”.

Or“ The art and science of coordinating people,

equipment, materials, money, and schedules to complete a specified project on time and within approved cost.”

2.STEPS IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT

1.Project Definition and Scope 2. Technical Design 3. Financing 4. Contracting 5. Implementation 6. Performance Monitoring

FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

1.Planning2. Organizing 3. Staffing4. Directing5. Controlling

PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL ORGANIZATIONS & THEIR JOURNALS.

1. The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), founded in 1852.(Journal of Construction Engineering and Management.)

2. The National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE), founded in 1936.

3. The Project Management Institute (PMI), founded in 1969.(Project Management Book of Knowledge)

4. The Construction Management Association of America (CMAA), founded in 1981.(Standard

CM Services and Practice.)5. The Construction Industry Institute (CII),

founded in 1983.

3. PROJECT TEAMS

1. Each triangle in Figure represents a team.

2. Regardless of the size and number of teams,

there must be a single head project manager

to make final decisions

and keep focus on the project.

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT• Due To The Dynamic Nature Of Project

Environments, It Is Inevitable That Conflicts Among Team Members Will Arise.

• Resolution of conflicts can lead to innovation and to ideas about how to improve work efficiency.

DEVELOPING A CONSENSUS• Sometimes Multiple Solutions To A Problem Exist,

Each Of Which May Yield The Same Result.• Voting, Trading, Or Averaging Can Be Helpful In

Reaching A Consensus.

4.PROJECT INITIATION, ESTIMATES & BUDGETING

• Initiating Is The Basic Processes That Should Be Performed To Get The Project Started. This Starting Point Is Critical Because Those Who Will Deliver The Project, Those Who Will Use The Project, And Those Who Will Have A Stake In The Project Need To Reach An Agreement On Its Initiation.

• An Early Estimate Is Also Important To The Project Team Because It Becomes One Of The Key Project Parameters. It Helps Formulate Execution Strategies And Provides A Basis To Plan Engineering And Construction.

• The Budget For A Project Is The Maximum Amount Of Money The Owner Is Willing To Spend For Design And Construction To Economically Justify The Project.

5. PROJECT PLANNING & SCHEDULING

Project Planning Is The Process Of Identifying All The Activities Necessary To Successfully Complete The Project. Project Scheduling Is The Process Of Determining The Sequential Order Of The Planned Activities, Assigning Realistic Durations To Each Activity, And Determining The Start And Finish Dates For Each Activity.SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES

• Bar Chart Method(gantt Chart)• C. P. M.• P.E.R.T.

SCHEDULING FOR HIGH-RISE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION USING SIMULATION TECHNIQUES A balanced floor construction cycle is critical for construction of the frame structures. The objectives in scheduling the floor cycle are to ensure smooth flows of resources and to optimize the use of formwork and other materials. The floor area is usually divided into zones to allow the labour force and formwork materials moving between zones.Simulation that can demonstrate the real world operations is an effective tool in handling this scheduling problem.Network based simulation model is used to investigate the problems.It is noted that variations in working periods have significant impacts on the time schedule. A saving of 37.2% in time could be achieved when the working period is extended by 20%.Simulation techniques have been used to predict activity duration and improve planning. However, the building up of simulation models requires planners to have a good knowledge of simulation.

In order to optimize the duration of a floor cycle or to determine the daily schedule, modelers can modify the duration of the activities to suit the site conditions. It has to point out that the duration of the activities can be shortened or extended by increasing or decreasing the input resources, mainly the human resources in concrete frame construction generally. Table 1 shows the duration for theactivities of a typical floor construction cycle.

TYPICAL FLOOR CONSTRUCTION CYCLE FOR A HIGH RISE BUILDING

TYPICAL FLOOR CONSTRUCTION CYCLE REPRESENTED IN SIMULATION NETWORK

The site management should be carried out through suitable site organization structure with roles and responsibilities assigned to the construction personnel for various construction related functions. Safety management is one of the important components of site management.

DURING THE TIME OF CONSTRUCTION:

• Access for fire fighting equipment vehicles.• No materials for construction shall be placed

within 3 m of hydrants/static water tanks.• Access to the upper floors during construction.• Free access to temporary, permanent or portable

first aid fire fighting equipments.

6. CONSTRUCTION PHASE

TIME MANAGEMENTConsidering the importance of time in a project, it is desirable that project is completed in the defined time schedule to get its fruitful benefits. The system planned should cover total schedule of completion with one or more construction agencies, number of vendors, identification of total resources, timely availability of all inputs, including critical ones, its processing during construction of a project.

QUALITY MANAGEMENTQuality of a project should be planned for all activitiesfrom inception to completion. It is desirable that thesystem planned gives adequate assurance and controlsthat it shall meet project quality objectives. The systemshall cover review of existing requirements, subcontracting,materials, processes and controls duringprocess, auditing, training of personnel, final inspectionand acceptance.

7.BUILDING INFORMATION MODELINGAn innovative new approach to building design,

construction, And management.

Building information modeling supports the continuous and immediate availability of project design scope, schedule, and cost information that is high quality, reliable, integrated, and fully coordinated.Same advantages are:-• Increased speed of delivery (time saved).• Better coordination (fewer errors).• Decreased costs (money saved).• Greater productivity.• Higher-quality work.• New revenue and business opportunities

Building information modeling is, essentially, the intersection of two critical ideas:

• Keeping critical design information in digital form makes it easier to update and share and more valuable to the firms creating and using it.

• Creating real-time, consistent relationships between digital design data—with innovative parametric building modeling technology—can save significant amounts of time and money and increase project productivity and quality.

Benefits in:-

DESIGN PHASE BIM allows a project team to make changes to the project at anytime during the design or documentation process without laborious, low-value recoordination and manual checking work.

CONSTRUCTION PHASE In the construction phase of the building lifecycle, BIM makesavailable concurrent information on building quality, schedule, and cost.BIM also means that less time and money are spent on process and administration issues in construction because document quality is higher and construction planning better.

MANAGEMENT PHASEBIM makes available concurrent information on the use or performance of the building; its occupants and contents; the life of the building over time; and the financial aspects of the building.

BIM MODEL SHOWING MECHANICAL BUILDING SYSTEMS

TECHNOLOGIES USED IN BIM

• CAD• Object CAD• Parametric building modeling

Figure shows the overall effectiveness or benefit level of each of these three different technologies.

8.CASE STUDIES

1. BURJ –AL ARAB

CONSTRUCTION TIME: 18 MONTHS

• Joint Venture between

Al Habtoor Engineering

Murray and Roberts

Fletcher Construction

RISKS AT CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT The companies all joined to gather because by

utilizing the separate talents of each partner; the bulk of the risk could be redistributed to the firms that were best equipped to handle each particular issue. The risks that needed to be considered were:

1. labor supply2. concrete work3. structural steel supply4. Erection5. high rise management experience6. Purchasing7. cost control8. management staffing

AL HABTOOR ENGINEERING had the responsibility to provide the project with the labor required the quality of the concrete and block work. The procurement system put in place by the joint venture was based on Al Habtoor Engineering's proven system.

MURRAY AND ROBERTS brought the expertise for detailing, fabrication, shipment and erection of the complex structural steel. This was subcontracted to Generic Steel Fabricators of Johannesburg, South Africa, a company owned by Murray and Roberts. This subcontract would reduce financial risk.

FLETCHER had the high-rise management and planning expertise. The project director and project manager came from Fletcher and were based in Dubai.

CONSTRUCTION IN TWO PHASE

PHASE 1• Value Engineering and Constructability

The first phase would address the complexity of the building.Some of the major challenges in this phase were related to the exoskeleton embodiments, which were redesigned in order to ease the installation and speed up the cycle times to adhere to the tight schedule. In addition to this redesigned some of the structure just to facilitate constructability. The rear-braced frame was completely redesigned from lattice girder construction to box girders.

This was not only a saving in money but also made the building much easier to build (AL HABTOOR).

PHASE 2• Actual construction

it was all of the actual construction of the structure. The partners used many new technologies to speed up construction and lower the construction cost so the companies could earn more profit by saving money in such places as labor and equipment

One new technology that was used was Cantilever’s Top Climbing Jump Form system for the main core area. Cantilever Pty Ltd, Queensland, Australia designed and furnished the 300 ton forming system.

The Forming A joint venture the companies undoubtedly contributed the most to the success of the project. The companies’ use of value engineering, constructability, and preplanning and planning that included all members of the group helped to keep cost down as well as keep up with the schedule that was set by the Owner.

1. BURJ KHALIFA

CONSTRUCTION TIME: 48 MONTHSThe original construction program is very tight. To complete the project within 48 months, Samsung, Besix, Arabtech Joint Venture (SBAJV) established thefollowing strategic approach:• Achieve a three (3) day-

cycle for structural works.• Develop optimum

transportation systems with large capacity high speed equipment.

• Utilize optimum formwork system to accommodate various building shapes along the building height.

TECHNOLOGIES USED TO ACHIEVE 3-DAY CYCLE

The tower consists of more than 160 floors & to be completed within a very tight schedule Hence, the following key construction technologies were incorporated to achieve the 3-day cycle set for the concrete works: • Auto Climbing formwork system (ACS).• Rebar pre-fabrication.• High performance concrete suitable for providing high

strength, high durability requirement, high modulus, and pumping.

• Advanced concrete pumping technology.• Simple drop head formwork system that can be

dismantled and assembled quickly with minimum labor requirement.

• Column/Wall proceeding method, part of ACS formwork system.

SEQUENCES OF CONSTRUCTION

MAJOR EQUIPMENTS

The process of selecting the right equipment to ensure delivery of materials and workers effectively and efficiently is an art in its own right. Selecting the optimal equipment and vertical transportation system for construction requires ongoing analysis and constant

modifications due to the dynamic nature of the project during its construction life.

SUMMARY OF THE EQUIPMENT USED

TOWER CRANESTOWER MAIN HOISTSCONCRETE PUMPING EQUIPMENTSThe Burj Khalifa project is another step forward in meeting the technological challenges of future construction.

9.PROJECT PLANNING SOFTWARES1. MICROSOFT PROJECT (or MSP or WinProj) is a project management software program is designed to assist project managers in developing plans, assigning resources to tasks, tracking progress, managing budgets and analyzing workloads.

The application creates critical path schedules, and critical chain and event chain methodology. Schedules can be resource leveled, and chains are visualized in a Gantt chart. Additionally, Project can recognize different classes of users. These different classes of users can have differing access levels to projects, views, and other data. Custom objects such as calendars, views, tables, filters, and fields are stored in an enterprise global which is shared by all users.

2. PRIMAVERA is a brand name under which several project management software packages are marketed. The current publisher of these packages is Oracle Corporation. The core product, Primavera P6, was developed by the US company Primavera Systems; in October 2008 Oracle acquired Primavera Systems.Primavera software application tools include:

• Primavera P6 Enterprise Project Portfolio Management .• Primavera P6 Professional Project Management .• Primavera P6 Analytics .• Primavera Portfolio Management .• Primavera Contract Management .• Primavera Risk Analysis.• Primavera Inspire for SAP.• Primavera Earned Value Management

REFERENCES

http://technicalpapers.ctbuh.org www.autodesk.com/buildinginformation National Building Code Of India(2005) Scheduling for high-rise building construction using

Simulation techniques(Arthur W T Leung, Dr C M Tam) Projects: Planning, Analysis, Selection, Implementation

and Review, Tata McGraw Hill – S.Choudhury Project Management For Engineering And Construction,

Tata McGraw Hill, Garold D. Oberlender

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION