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Subject: Computer Programming
& Utilization
Subject code: 2110003
Om Institute of Technology 1
PRESENTATION ON:
Fundamental of ‘C’
Presented by:Shah Juhi
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TopicsHistory of ‘c’Features of ‘c’Structure of programHeader filesMain functionData typeConstantVariablesOperatorsInput/outputC preprocessor
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C is developed by Dennis Ritchie C is a structured programming language C supports functions that enables easy
maintainability of code, by breaking large file into smaller modules
Comments in C provides easy readability C is a powerful language
History of ‘C’
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Important feature of ‘C’ language is it is portable, by portability we mean that the program can be run on any hardware machine.
It supports modular programming. It supports bit-wise operations. It is known as structured programming language.
Features of ‘C’
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Documentation Section //optional Link section //optional Defining section //optional Global declaration section //optional Main function section //Must { Declaration part Executable part. } Sub program section //optional Function 1 Function 2 . . Function n
STRUCTURE OF PROGRAM
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The files that are specified in the include section is called as header file
These are precompiled files that has some functions defined in them
We can call those functions in our program by supplying parameters
Header file is given an extension .h C Source file is given an extension .c
Header files
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This is the entry point of a program When a file is executed, the start point is the
main function From main function the flow goes as per the
programmers choice. There may or may not be other functions written
by user in a program Main function is compulsory for any c program
Main function
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A data type in a programming language is a set of data values having predefine characteristics.
there are three classes of data types: Data Type
Primitive derived user define
WHAT IS DATA TYPE ?
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Primitive data typesint, float, double, char
Aggregate data typesArrays come under this categoryArrays can contain collection of int or float
or char or double data User defined data types
Structures and enum fall under this category.
Data types in ‘C’
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The ‘C’ language supports following types of constants:Numeric constants (5, 15, 3.6, -5.4 etc)Non-numeric constants
Character constants (‘B’ , ‘a’ , ‘?’ , ‘5’ , ‘+’ etc)
String Constants (“Computer”, “XYZ”, “-5.4” etc)
Constants
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\a Bell \b Back space \f Form feed \n New line \r Carriage return \t Horizontal tab \v vertical tab \’ single quote \” Double quote \? Question Mark \\ Backslash \0 Null
Character constant
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Variables are the identifiers whose value changes as opposite to constants.
As variable is an identifier, all the rules for naming an identifier applies to variables also.
Should not be a reserved word like int etc.. Should start with a letter or an underscore(_) Can contain letters, numbers or underscore. No other special characters are allowed
including space Variable names are case sensitive
A and a are different.
Variables
Variable names- Rules
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Arithmetic (+,-,*,/,%) Relational (<,>,<=,>=,==,!=) Logical (&&,||,!) Bitwise (&,|) Assignment (=) Compound assignment(+=,*=,-=,/=,%=,&=,|
=) Shift (right shift >>, left shift <<)
OPERATORS
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Inputscanf(“%d”,&a);Gets an integer value from the user and
stores it under the name “a” Output
printf(“%d”,a);Prints the value present in variable a on the
screen
Input and Output
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All preprocessor directives begin with # Possible actions
Inclusion of other filesDefinition of symbolic constants & macrosConditional compilation of program codeConditional compilation of preprocessor
directives
C Preprocessor
Than
k yo
u
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