COMPUTER COMPUTER HARDWARE HARDWARE

COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS

COMPUTER HARDWARE COMPUTER HARDWARE COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS

MotherboardCPUKeyboardMouse RAMMonitor Floppy drive CD-ROM driveHard disk driveDVD Drives

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNITCENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

The microprocessor consists of three sections:

1.Arithmetic Logic Unit2.Registers

3.Control Unit

MOTHERBOARDMOTHERBOARD

• Main circuit board inside Main circuit board inside your computer is called a your computer is called a motherboard. motherboard.

• The motherboard contains The motherboard contains the connectors for the connectors for attaching additional boards, attaching additional boards, such as the CPU, BIOS, such as the CPU, BIOS, memory, mass storage memory, mass storage interfaces, serial and interfaces, serial and parallel ports, expansion parallel ports, expansion slots and all the controllers slots and all the controllers that are required to control that are required to control standard peripheral devices standard peripheral devices such as the display screen, such as the display screen, keyboard, and hard drive. keyboard, and hard drive.

MOTHERBOARDMOTHERBOARD

• Here we see a diagram and Here we see a diagram and

a photo of a motherboard a photo of a motherboard

(or main circuit board). (or main circuit board).

This one is suitable for a This one is suitable for a

Pentium CPU Pentium CPU

PCI SLOTSPCI SLOTS• PCI slotsPCI slots This board This board

has 4 slots for the has 4 slots for the

newer PCI boards for newer PCI boards for

peripherals like video peripherals like video

cards, sound cards, cards, sound cards,

internal modems, etcinternal modems, etc

MEMORY SLOTMEMORY SLOT• Memory slotsMemory slots

There are 4 short There are 4 short

slots for SIMM slots for SIMM

memory. memory.

This board has This board has

two long slots for two long slots for

a new kind of a new kind of

memory called memory called

DIMM DRAM. DIMM DRAM.

MOTHERBOARDMOTHERBOARD

• Keyboard plugKeyboard plug :This is where the keyboard attaches, thru the :This is where the keyboard attaches, thru the back of the computer.back of the computer.

• Power ConnectionsPower Connections This is where the power supply connects to This is where the power supply connects to the motherboardthe motherboard

• Processor socketProcessor socket What is visible here is the place where the What is visible here is the place where the processor plugs into the motherboard. When the processor is processor plugs into the motherboard. When the processor is installed, you still can't see it because on top of it is a heat sink and installed, you still can't see it because on top of it is a heat sink and fan to keep the processor cool. Hot processors make mistakes or fan to keep the processor cool. Hot processors make mistakes or even melt important parts on the chip.even melt important parts on the chip.

Different processors are different sizes. So the socket on the Different processors are different sizes. So the socket on the motherboard has to match the processor. Also, the circuits in the motherboard has to match the processor. Also, the circuits in the motherboard itself must be different for different processors. motherboard itself must be different for different processors.

RAMRAM

• RAM, or Random-Access-Memory, RAM, or Random-Access-Memory, is a type of memory that accesses is a type of memory that accesses faster than main memory (like a hard faster than main memory (like a hard drive), but that only stores data while drive), but that only stores data while the computer is turned on. It is the computer is turned on. It is normally used to store the program normally used to store the program that your computer is currently that your computer is currently running, and any data that program running, and any data that program needs.needs.

• RAM is divided into small blocks of RAM is divided into small blocks of data, each of which can be accessed data, each of which can be accessed by a unique number, called an by a unique number, called an

address.address.

MONITORMONITOR

The computer screen The computer screen

is used for outputting is used for outputting

information in an information in an

understandable format.understandable format.

FLOPPY DRIVEFLOPPY DRIVE• Storage Devices -- "How it saves data Storage Devices -- "How it saves data

andand

programs“programs“

- - Hard disk drives are an internal,- - Hard disk drives are an internal,

higher capacity drive which also stores thehigher capacity drive which also stores the

operating system which runs when you operating system which runs when you powerpower

on the computer.- on the computer.-

"Floppy" disk drives allow you to save"Floppy" disk drives allow you to save

work on small disks and take the data withwork on small disks and take the data with

you.you.

FEATURES:- FLOPPY DISKFEATURES:- FLOPPY DISK

Diskettes (Floppy Diskettes (Floppy

Disks)Disks)

Speed:Speed:

Very slow!Very slow!

Capacity:Capacity:

Normally 1.44 MbytesNormally 1.44 Mbytes..

Cost:Cost:

Very cheapVery cheap..

EXTRA FEATURESEXTRA FEATURES

HARD DIHARD DISSKSKSHard DiHard Dissksks• Speed:Speed: Very fast!Very fast! The speed of a hard disk is often quoted as The speed of a hard disk is often quoted as

"average"average access time" speed, measured in access time" speed, measured in

milliseconds. Themilliseconds. The smaller this number the faster the disk.smaller this number the faster the disk.• Capacity:Capacity: Enormous! Often 40/80 Gigabytes. A Enormous! Often 40/80 Gigabytes. A

Gigabyte isGigabyte is equivalent to 1024 Megabytes.equivalent to 1024 Megabytes.• Cost:Cost: Hard disks costs are falling rapidly and Hard disks costs are falling rapidly and

normallynormally represent the cheapest way of storing datarepresent the cheapest way of storing data..

CD-ROM DRIVECD-ROM DRIVE

• They are disc drives which They are disc drives which

read Compact Discs (CDs). read Compact Discs (CDs).

They are transportable and They are transportable and

can be used to perform can be used to perform

various tasks such as reading various tasks such as reading

data from the computer and data from the computer and

listening to audio. listening to audio.

• Data is written on a CD by Data is written on a CD by

burning pits into the disc to burning pits into the disc to

produce non-reflective areas. produce non-reflective areas.

DVD DRIVESDVD DRIVES

• Computer DVD drives can be Computer DVD drives can be used to watch DVD video, used to watch DVD video, play audio CDs and store play audio CDs and store information on DVDs and information on DVDs and CDs. DVD drives are now CDs. DVD drives are now being installed in new being installed in new computers instead of CD computers instead of CD drives. drives.

• Computer DVD drives are Computer DVD drives are able to read data stored on able to read data stored on CD-ROMS and DVDs and can CD-ROMS and DVDs and can play both video and audio play both video and audio DVDs. CD-ROM drives cannot DVDs. CD-ROM drives cannot read DVDs.read DVDs.

Presented by:- Pawar ParmeshwarPresented by:- Pawar Parmeshwar

33rd rd Sem. Electrical Eng.Sem. Electrical Eng.