Computer ed

© Capital Community College

Audio, Video, Virtual Reality

and Robots Outputs

Output:Output:The Many Uses of The Many Uses of Computers Computers and Communications and Communications

Types of Printers and

Plotters

Video Display Adaptors

Types of Display Screens


Output devices translate Output devices translate information processed by information processed by the computer into a form the computer into a form that humans can that humans can understand.understand.

Several Types of Output DevicesSeveral Types of Output Devices-Display Screens -Video-output -Display Screens -Video-output devices devices

-Printers and Plotters -Virtual-reality -Printers and Plotters -Virtual-reality devicesdevices

-Audio-output devices -Robots-Audio-output devices -Robots


Principal Kinds of Principal Kinds of OutputsOutputs

Principal Kinds of Principal Kinds of OutputsOutputs

Hardcopy – refers to printed outputsHardcopy – refers to printed outputsSoftcopy – refers to data that isSoftcopy – refers to data that is shown on a display screen or is shown on a display screen or is in audio or voice form .It is notin audio or voice form .It is not tangible. tangible.


Examples of HardcopyExamples of Hardcopy--text or graphics printoutstext or graphics printouts- film( microfilm, microfiche) - film( microfilm, microfiche)

Examples of SoftcopyExamples of Softcopy -Virtual reality -Virtual reality

-Robot-Robot


Display Screens: Softcopy OutputDisplay Screens: Softcopy Output

-It is also called monitorsIt is also called monitors-Output devices that show Output devices that show programming instructions and programming instructions and data as they are being input and data as they are being input and information after it is processed.information after it is processed.


Types of Display ScreensTypes of Display Screens

1.1.Cathode – Ray Tubes ( CRTs)Cathode – Ray Tubes ( CRTs)2.2.Flat Panels DisplayFlat Panels Display

Cathode – Ray Tubes ( CRTs)Cathode – Ray Tubes ( CRTs)

- The most common form of display screen.The most common form of display screen.- It is a vacuum tube used as a display It is a vacuum tube used as a display

screen in a computer or video display screen in a computer or video display terminal. terminal.

Flat Panel DisplaysFlat Panel Displays

- Much thinner, weigh less and Much thinner, weigh less and consume less power than CRTs.consume less power than CRTs.

- It is better for portable computers.It is better for portable computers.- Made up of two plates of glass with a Made up of two plates of glass with a

substance between them which is substance between them which is activated in different ways.activated in different ways.

- Example. LCDExample. LCD

Liquid – Crystal DisplayLiquid – Crystal Display

- Consists of a substance called liquid Consists of a substance called liquid crystal, the molecules of which line up in a crystal, the molecules of which line up in a way that alters their optical properties.way that alters their optical properties.


Flat panel screens are Flat panel screens are either active – matrix either active – matrix or passive matrix or passive matrix displays.displays.

Active –matrix Display – Active –matrix Display – each pixels on the each pixels on the screen is controlled by its own transistor. It is screen is controlled by its own transistor. It is much brighter than passive –matrix but they are much brighter than passive –matrix but they are more complicated and expensive.more complicated and expensive.

Passive- matrix Display -Passive- matrix Display - a transistor controls a a transistor controls a whole row or column of pixels .It is less expensive whole row or column of pixels .It is less expensive and use less power than active – matrix.and use less power than active – matrix.

PixelsPixels

- Individual dots or picture elements that Individual dots or picture elements that represented the images.represented the images.

- It is the smallest unit on the screen that It is the smallest unit on the screen that can be turned on and off by the computer can be turned on and off by the computer or made different shades.or made different shades.

Example of AMLCDExample of AMLCD Example of PMLCDExample of PMLCD

Screen ClarityScreen Clarity

- Whether CRTs or flat-panel Whether CRTs or flat-panel display, screen clarity display, screen clarity depends on three qualities:depends on three qualities:

- Resolution- Resolution- Dot Pitch- Dot Pitch- Refresh Rate- Refresh Rate

ResolutionResolution

- The clarity of sharpness of a display The clarity of sharpness of a display screen.screen.

- The more pixels there are per square The more pixels there are per square inch, the better the resolution.inch, the better the resolution.

- It is expressed in terms of the formula It is expressed in terms of the formula horizontal pixels x vertical horizontal pixels x vertical pixelspixels

Dot PitchDot Pitch

-The amount of space between the centers -The amount of space between the centers of adjacent pixels.of adjacent pixels.

- The closer the dots, the crisper the image.The closer the dots, the crisper the image. for crisp images, dot for crisp images, dot

pitch should be less pitch should be less

than .31 millimeter.than .31 millimeter.

Refresh RateRefresh Rate

- The number of times per second that the The number of times per second that the pixels are recharged so that their glows pixels are recharged so that their glows remains bright.remains bright.

- Produced more clarity Produced more clarity

and richer colors.and richer colors.- Displays are refreshed Displays are refreshed

45 to 100 times per 45 to 100 times per

second.second.

Monochrome versus Color ScreensMonochrome versus Color Screens

Monochrome Display screens Monochrome Display screens - It displays only two colors.- It displays only two colors.-Usually black and white, amber and -Usually black and white, amber and

black, or green and blackblack, or green and black

Color ScreensColor Screens

- It can display between 16 and 16.7 million It can display between 16 and 16.7 million colors ( depending on their type )colors ( depending on their type )

Text versus Graphics: Character Text versus Graphics: Character Mapped versus Bitmapped DisplayMapped versus Bitmapped Display

Character mapped display screensCharacter mapped display screens display only text – (letters, display only text – (letters, numbers and special characters).numbers and special characters).- They cannot display graphicsThey cannot display graphics unless a video display adapter unless a video display adapter card is installed.card is installed.

BitmappedBitmapped

- It permits the computer to manipulate - It permits the computer to manipulate pixels on the screen individually rather than pixels on the screen individually rather than as blocks.as blocks.

- It enables the software to It enables the software to create a greater variety ofcreate a greater variety of images.images.

Video Display AdaptersVideo Display Adapters

- A display screen must have a video display A display screen must have a video display adapter to display graphics.adapter to display graphics.

- It is also called a graphics adapter card.It is also called a graphics adapter card.- It is a circuit board that determines the It is a circuit board that determines the

resolution, number of colors, and how fast resolution, number of colors, and how fast images appear on the display screens.images appear on the display screens.

- It is often built into the motherboard and also be It is often built into the motherboard and also be an expansion card that plugs into an expansion an expansion card that plugs into an expansion slot.slot.

Video Display Adapter StandardsVideo Display Adapter Standards

- VGA – VGA – Video Graphics ArrayVideo Graphics Array

- Most common - Most common video video

standard.standard. - It support 16 to 256 - It support 16 to 256

colors.colors.

SVGA – Super Video Graphics ArraySVGA – Super Video Graphics Array

It will support 256 colors at higher resolution It will support 256 colors at higher resolution than VGA.than VGA.

XGA – Extended Graphics ArrayXGA – Extended Graphics Array

It supports up to 16.7 million colors at a It supports up to 16.7 million colors at a resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels.resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels.

- video display adapters - video display adapters

and monitors must be and monitors must be compatible.compatible.

- computer software - computer software and video display and video display adapter must beadapter must be compatiblecompatible

Printers and Plotters:Printers and Plotters: Hardcopy Output Hardcopy Output

Printer Printer – is an output device that prints – is an output device that prints characters, symbols and perhaps graphics characters, symbols and perhaps graphics on paper.on paper.

- Impact Printers- Impact Printers- Nonimpact Printers- Nonimpact Printers- Portable- Portable- Combined with a PC- Combined with a PC

Impact PrintersImpact Printers

- It has a mechanisms resembling those of a It has a mechanisms resembling those of a typewriter.typewriter.

- It forms characters or images by striking a It forms characters or images by striking a mechanism such as a print hammer or wheel mechanism such as a print hammer or wheel against an inked ribbon leaving an image on against an inked ribbon leaving an image on paper.paper.

- Example: Dot-matrix printersExample: Dot-matrix printers

Dot- matrix PrinterDot- matrix Printer

Draft QualityDraft Quality

Near letter QualityNear letter Quality

AdvantagesAdvantages- InexpensiveInexpensive- Can print Can print

multipart formsmultipart forms- Low cost per pageLow cost per page

DisadvantagesDisadvantages- NoisyNoisy- Cannot produce high Cannot produce high

quality output of text quality output of text and graphics and graphics

- Limited fonts.Limited fonts.

Non-impact PrintersNon-impact Printers

- It is faster and quieter than impact printers It is faster and quieter than impact printers because they have fewer moving parts.because they have fewer moving parts.

- It forms characters and images without It forms characters and images without making direct physical contact between making direct physical contact between printing mechanism and paper.printing mechanism and paper.-Types:-Types:

Laser Printer, Inkjet Printer, Thermal PrinterLaser Printer, Inkjet Printer, Thermal Printer

Laser PrinterLaser Printer

- Similar to a photocopying machine.- Similar to a photocopying machine.- It uses the principle of dot-matrix printer in It uses the principle of dot-matrix printer in

creating dot-like images.creating dot-like images.- However, these images are created on a drum, However, these images are created on a drum,

treated with a magnetically charged ink-like toner treated with a magnetically charged ink-like toner (powder) and then transferred from drum to (powder) and then transferred from drum to paper.paper.

- Its typical speed is 8-200 pages per minute.Its typical speed is 8-200 pages per minute.- Its approximate cost is $400-$20,000.Its approximate cost is $400-$20,000.

AdvantagesAdvantages- QuietQuiet- Excellent QualityExcellent Quality- Output of text and Output of text and

graphicsgraphics- Very high speedVery high speed

DisadvantagesDisadvantages- High Cost, especially - High Cost, especially

for color.for color.

Inkjet PrinterInkjet Printer

- Can also form images with little dots.Can also form images with little dots.- It spray small electrically charged droplets of ink It spray small electrically charged droplets of ink

from four nozzles through holes in a matrix at high from four nozzles through holes in a matrix at high speed onto paper.speed onto paper.

- Even quieter than laser printer and produce an Even quieter than laser printer and produce an equally high quality image.equally high quality image.

- Its typical speed is 35-400+ characters per second.Its typical speed is 35-400+ characters per second.- Its approximate cost is $200-$2000.Its approximate cost is $200-$2000.

AdvantagesAdvantages• QuietQuiet• Prints color Prints color

text and text and graphics less graphics less expensiveexpensive

• FastFast

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Relatively slow; Relatively slow; clogged jets; clogged jets; fewer dots per fewer dots per inchinch

Thermal PrinterThermal Printer

-It can produce high quality color printing.-It can produce high quality color printing.-It used colored waxes and heat to produce -It used colored waxes and heat to produce

images by burning dots onto special paper.images by burning dots onto special paper.-Its typical speed is 11-80character per -Its typical speed is 11-80character per

second.second.-Its approximately cost is $2000-$22000.-Its approximately cost is $2000-$22000.

AdvantagesAdvantagesQuietQuiet High quality color High quality color

output of text output of text and graphicsand graphics

Can also produce Can also produce transparenciestransparencies

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Special paperSpecial paperrequiredrequiredExpensiveExpensiveSlowSlow

Black and White versus Black and White versus Color PrintersColor Printers

Impact printers are still Impact printers are still needed however the needed however the choice between a laser choice between a laser printer and an inkjet printer and an inkjet comes down to how comes down to how much you print and much you print and whether you need color.whether you need color.

PlottersPlotters It is a specialized output device designed to It is a specialized output device designed to

produce high quality graphics in a variety of produce high quality graphics in a variety of colors.colors.

Especially useful for creating maps and Especially useful for creating maps and Architectural drawings, although they may also Architectural drawings, although they may also produce less complicated charts and graphs.produce less complicated charts and graphs.

The three principal kinds of plotters are pen, The three principal kinds of plotters are pen, electrostatic and thermalelectrostatic and thermal

The Paper Glut: Whither the The Paper Glut: Whither the Paperless OfficePaperless Office

Supposedly, computers Supposedly, computers were going to make were going to make the use of paper the use of paper obsolete, providing us obsolete, providing us with “paperless office” with “paperless office” but in fact the opposite but in fact the opposite happened.happened.

The Theater of output: Audio, Video, The Theater of output: Audio, Video, Virtual reality and RobotsVirtual reality and Robots

Audio Output DevicesAudio Output Devices–It includes voice output It includes voice output

technology and sound output technology and sound output technologytechnology

–It includes those devices that It includes those devices that output voice or voice like sounds output voice or voice like sounds and those that output music and and those that output music and other sounds.other sounds.

Voice Output DevicesVoice Output Devices» Convert digital data into speech like Convert digital data into speech like

soundssounds» These are such forms of voice outputs These are such forms of voice outputs

on telephones, machines, in cars in on telephones, machines, in cars in toys and in other devices.toys and in other devices.

Sound Output DevicesSound Output Devices» Produce digitized a sound, ranging Produce digitized a sound, ranging

from beep and chirps to music.from beep and chirps to music.

Video Output DevicesVideo Output Devices

– It includes videoconferencing and digitized It includes videoconferencing and digitized television.television.

Videoconferencing and Video EditingVideoconferencing and Video Editing– Videoconferencing is a method whereby Videoconferencing is a method whereby

people in different geographical locations people in different geographical locations can have a meeting and see and hear one can have a meeting and see and hear one another using computers and another using computers and communications.communications.

HDTV or ATVHDTV or ATV

High Definition television is a television system that High Definition television is a television system that features enhanced video and clear pictures. (Far superior features enhanced video and clear pictures. (Far superior to any seen on television today, appearing within a frame to any seen on television today, appearing within a frame that is twice as wide.that is twice as wide.

Because the new system surpassed all expectations, The Because the new system surpassed all expectations, The Federal Communication Commission gave it a new name. Federal Communication Commission gave it a new name. Advanced Television Advanced Television (ATV).(ATV).

In place of analog channel, it can transmit not just one high In place of analog channel, it can transmit not just one high definition image but five or six digital channels as good as definition image but five or six digital channels as good as current ones.current ones.

Virtual Reality and Simulation Virtual Reality and Simulation DevicesDevices

Virtual Reality (VR) Virtual Reality (VR) is a kind of is a kind of computer generated artificial computer generated artificial reality that projects a person reality that projects a person into a sensation of three into a sensation of three dimensional spaces.dimensional spaces.

To achieve this effect, the following To achieve this effect, the following interactive sensory equipments are interactive sensory equipments are needed.needed.

GloveGlove – has sensors that collect data about – has sensors that collect data about your hand movements.your hand movements.

SoftwareSoftware – gives the wearer of this special – gives the wearer of this special headgear and glove the interactive sensory headgear and glove the interactive sensory experience that feels like an alternative to the experience that feels like an alternative to the realities of the physical world.realities of the physical world.

Simulators Simulators are devices that represent the are devices that represent the behavior of physical and abstract systems.behavior of physical and abstract systems.

Robot Robot is an automatic device that performs functions is an automatic device that performs functions ordinarily ascribed to human beings or that operates with ordinarily ascribed to human beings or that operates with what appears to be almost human intelligence.what appears to be almost human intelligence.

Creative Output: The Manipulation Creative Output: The Manipulation of Truth in Art and Journalismof Truth in Art and Journalism

The ability to manipulate digitized The ability to manipulate digitized output-images and sounds – has output-images and sounds – has brought a wonderful new tool to brought a wonderful new tool to art. However it has created some art. However it has created some big new problems in the area of big new problems in the area of credibility.credibility.

Manipulation of SoundManipulation of SoundManipulation of PhotosManipulation of PhotosManipulation of VideoManipulation of Video

Education

Computer ed