1. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE SUBMITTED BY :- AKSHAY JASANI COMMON
INDIAN SPECIES OFVEGETATION
2. TREES
3. Ficus religiosa (PEEPAL) - A large dry season-deciduous or
semi-evergreen tree up to 30 metres (98 ft) tall and with a trunk
diameter of up to 3 metres (9.8 ft). - The leaves are cordate in
shape with a distinctive extended drip tip; they are 1017 cm long
and 812 cm broad, with a 610 cm petiole. - The fruits are small
figs 11.5 cm in diameter, green ripening to purple. - It is the
oldest flowering plant in the world. - Thrive in hot, humid
weather. - Prefer full sunlight and can grow in most soil types,
though loam is the best. Hindi - Peepal - Gujarati (pipdo)
4. Delonix regia (GULMOHAR) - For several weeks in spring and
summer it is covered with exuberant clusters of flame-red flowers,
4-5 in across. - The pods are green and flaccid when young and turn
dark-brown and woody. - Up to 60 cm long and 5 cm wide. - The seeds
are small, weighing around 0.4 g on average. - Each leaf is 3050 cm
long with 20 to 40 pairs of primary leaflets. - Grows to a modest
height mostly 5 meters, but it can reach an maximum height of 12
meters. - Flowering season is Between April May. Hindi - Gulmohar
Gujarati - Gulmohar
5. Borassus flabellifer(PALMYRA) - The Palmyra palm is a large
tree up to 30m high and the trunk may have a circumference of 1.7m
at the base. - There may be 25-40 fresh leaves. - Leaves are
leathery, gray green, fan-shaped, 1-3 m wide, folded along the
midrib; are divided to the center into 60-80 linear- lanceolate,
0.6-1.2 m long, marginally spiny segments. - coconut-like fruits,
12-15 cm wide. - cultivated for planting in gardens and parks as
landscape palm species. Hindi - Taad, Tal, Trinaraaj Gujarati
taad
6. Ficus Elastica (RUBBERTREE) - Rubber Tree is a beautiful
tree native to NE India, the eastern Himalayas, and SE Asia. - It
grows up to 30-40 m tall. - It has broad shiny oval leaves 10-35 cm
long and 5-15 cm broad. - Leaf size is largest on young plants is
45 cm long, much smaller on old trees is 10 cm long. Marathi:
Rabracho-vad Kannada: Goli, Goni, Shimeala, India rubber mara
7. Ficus carica (COMMON FIG) - The breadth is often wider than
the height of 15 to 30 ft. - The bark is a smooth, silvery gray. -
The leaves are about 4 in long, and have 3 or 5 lobes. - Fruits are
varies in color from yellowish-green to coppery, bronze, or
dark-purple. - Anjeer is widely grown for its edible fruit
throughout its natural range Iran and also in the rest of the
Mediterranean region and other areas of the world. Hindi: Anjeer
Kannada: Aanjura
8. SHRUBS
9. Catharanthus roseus (MADAGASCAR ROSY PERIWINKLE) - It grows
in adverse conditions, rain, heat, dust. - It is an evergreen
subshrub or herbaceous plant growing 1 m tall. - The leaves are
oval to oblong, 2.59 cm long and 13.5 cm broad, glossy green,
hairless, with a pale midrib and a short leaf-stalk 11.8 cm long
Hindi: Sadabahar Marathi: Sadaphuli - The flowers are white to dark
pink with a darker red center, with a basal tube 2.53 cm long and a
flower 25 cm diameter with five petal-like lobes - The fruit is a
pair of follicles 24 cm long and 3 mm broad.
10. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (HIBISCUS) - This large shrub or
small tree grows to 15 feet high. - The toothed leaves are arranged
alternately and vary a lot, but tend to be large, dark green, and
shiny. - flowers are glorious and huge at their best -- up to 6" in
diameter -- and occur in many colors. - They have a long central
tube with stamens and pistils at the tip. Hindi: Gurhal Marathi:
Jaswand
11. Tabernaemontana divaricate (CRAPE JASMINE) - grows to a
height of 6 ft. - The large shiny leaves are deep green and are 6
or more inches in length and about 2 inches in width. - Crape
jasmine blooms in spring but flowers appear sporatically all year.
Hindi: Chandni Marathi: Ananta, Tagar Gujarati: Sagar
12. Gardenia jasminoides (CAPE JASMINE) - The shrub that can
grow 6-8 ft (1.8-2.4 m) high with almost equal spread. - The leaves
are glossy and leathery. - It blooms in mid-spring to early summer
over a fairly long season. - The flowers are white, turning to
creamy yellow as they age, and have a waxy feel. - They have a
powerful, sweet fragrance. Hindi: Gandhraj Marathi: Gandroya
13. Lantana camara (TICKBERRY) - The species will grow to 6 ft
high and may spread to 8 ft in width. - The leaves are 2-5 in long
by 1-2 in wide with rounded tooth edges and a textured surface. -
Flower color ranges from white to yellow, orange to red, pink to
rose in unlimited combinations, in addition the flowers usually
change in color as they age. Hindi: Raimuniya Marathi: Tantani
14. CREEPERS
15. Ipomoea pes- caprae (RAILROAD VINE) - Goat's foot vine can
cover 100 ft as it races along the beach, but it never gets more
than a few inches high. - This is an evergreen perennial with a
large, thick root that can be 10 ft long and 2 in in diameter. -
The stem is flexible, 0.5 in in diameter. - The fleshy leathery
leaves are about 4 in long and carried on petioles 6 in long. -
Grows on sand dunes and beaches above the high tide line in
tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. - It is very
fast growing, and thrives in some of the worst soils imaginable.
Hindi: Do Patti Lata Marathi: Maryada-vel Gujarati Maryada-vel
16. Thunbergia grandiflora (CLOCK VINE) - It is a vigorous
evergreen vine and native to northern India. - The beautiful 3 inch
wide pale blue or white flowers are cup-like with pale yellow to
cream blue striped centers. - This plant can be in bloom at nearly
any time of year but will sulk during cold months. - Flowering:
March-November. Hindi: Neel lata Gujarati: Tumakhlung
17. Pandorea jasminoides (BOWER VINE) - BowerVine is a bushy,
twining, woody stemmed vine with pinnate, evergreen variegated
foliage, having between five and seven lance-shaped leaflets up to
50mm long. - Makes fragrant funnel-shaped white to pink flowers
with deep pink to maroon throats in Spring and Summer, followed by
large elliptical fruits containing many seeds. - Moderate rate of
growth. - Evergreen in frost-free areas. - Prefers rich, moist,
reasonably well drained soils but will grow almost anywhere. -
Prefers full hot sun but tolerates partial shade.
18. Combretum indicum (HONEYSUCKLE) - Most common vine in
Delhi. - Clusters of fragrant white pendulous trumpets open white
then change to pink, red and finally a deep maroon. - A vigorous
twining climber blooming profusely throughout summer that can reach
as much as 70 feet in tropical climates. - The growth rate is
generally fast, and the plant does not make heavy fertilizer
demands. - Rangoon creeper does like medium to bright light. Hindi:
Madhu Malati Marathi: Vilayati chambeli
19. Ficus pumila (CREEPING FIG) - Able to scramble up vertical
surfaces 3-4 stories tall with the aid of a powerful adhesive. -
These are the juvenile leaves. - Adult leaves are more leathery
than the juveniles, and are dark green, and about 3 in long by 2 in
wide. - The fruit is a fig, obovoid top-shaped. - These are borne
only on the horizontal stems, they are pale green in color and
about 3 in long by 2.5 in wide.
20. CLIMBERS
21. Bougainvillea (BOUGANVELLE) - It is a semi-climber and can
be grown as a hedge, a shrub, a climber over a sunny wall and also
in pots. - With its sharp thick thorns it is avoided by cattle,
goats, monkeys and even birds. - It loves open sunshine and the
colours of some varieties grow brighter and more attractive in hot
dry climate. Hindi: Booganbel Marathi: Booganvel
22. Hedera ( IVY) - They can climb to at least 30 m above the
ground. - The flowers are greenish-yellow with five small petals;
they are produced in umbels in autumn to early winter and are very
rich in nectar. - The fruit is a greenish-black, dark purple or
(rarely) yellow berry 510 mm diameter with one to five seeds,
ripening in late winter to mid-spring.
23. Passiflora (PASSION VINE) - The large serrated leaves grow
5-6 in wide by 6 to 8 in long. - All of the passion flowers have
beautifully complex blossoms and Purple passion flower is no
exception. - These have 2-3 in diameters and are composed of 10
white tepals arranged in a shallow bowl shape above which is
arranged fringe of purple and white filaments, called the corona.
Hindi: Jhumkalata
24. Honeysuckle - The leaves are opposite, simple oval, 110 cm
long; most are deciduous but some are evergreen. - The fruit is a
red, blue or black spherical or elongated berry containing several
seeds; in most species the berries are mildly poisonous, but in a
few (notably Lonicera caerulea) they are edible and grown for home
use and commerce. - Most honeysuckle berries are attractive to
wildlife. - Honeysuckles are valued as garden plants, for their
ability to cover unsightly walls and outbuildings.
25. Lapageria - The Lapageria rosea is an evergreen climbing
plant reaching over 10 m high among shrubs and trees. - The leaves
are arranged alternately and are evergreen, leathery, lanceolate
and feature three to seven prominent parallel veins. - The vines
twine counterclockwise in the Southern hemisphere and clockwise
when grown in the Northern hemisphere (likely due to the Sun). -
The flowers have six thick, waxy tepals which are red, spotted with
white. - They are most frequently produced in late summer and fall,
although they may be produced at other times. - The fruit is an
elongated berry with a tough skin containing numerous small seeds
about the size of a tomato seed, which are covered in an edible
fleshy aril.
26. GROUND COVER
27. Ajuga reptans (BLUE BUGLE) - Ajuga reptans is a sprawling
perennial herb with erect flowering stems and grows to a height of
about 10 to 35 cm (4 to 14 in). - The calyx has five toothed lobes
and the corolla forms a two-lipped flower about 14 to 17 mm (0.6 to
0.7 in) long with a short tube. - The upper lip of each flower is
short and flat with a smooth edge and the lower lip is three-lobed,
the central lobe being the largest, flat with a notched tip. -
There are four stamens, two long and two short, which are longer
than the corolla and are attached to the tube.
28. Convallaria majalis (LILY OF THE VALLEY) - The stems grow
to 1530 cm tall, with one or two leaves 1025 cm long; flowering
stems have two leaves and a raceme of 5 15 flowers on the stem
apex. - The flowers have six white tepals (rarely pink), fused at
the base to form a bell-shape, 510 mm diameter, and sweetly
scented; flowering is in late spring, in mild winters in the
Northern Hemisphere it is in early March. - The fruit is a small
orange-red berry 57 mm diameter that contains a few large whitish
to brownish colored seeds that dry to a clear translucent round
bead 13 mm wide. - Plants are self-sterile, and colonies consisting
of a single clone do not set seed.
29. Sedum (STONE CROP) - Sedum is a large genus of flowering
plants in the familyCrassulaceae, members of which are commonly
known as stonecrops. - The plants vary from annual and creeping
herbs to shrubs. - The plants have water-storing leaves. - The
flowers usually have five petals, seldom four or six. - There are
typically twice as many stamens as petals.
30. Galium odoratum (WOODRUF) - A herbaceous plant, it grows to
3050 cm (1220 in) long, often lying flat on the ground or supported
by other plants. - Its vernacular names include woodruff, sweet
woodruff, and wild baby's breath. - The leaves are simple,
lanceolate, glabrous, 25 cm (0.791.97 in) long, and borne in whorls
of 69. The small (47 mm diameter) flowers are produced in cymes,
each white with four petals joined together at the base. - The
fruits are 24 mm diameter, produced singly, and each is covered in
tiny hooked bristles which help disperse them by sticking
temporarily to clothing and animal fur.
31. Liriope spicata (MONKEY GRASS) - Common names include
creeping lilyturf, creeping liriope, lilyturf, and monkey grass. -
Creeping lilyturf is a rhizomatous, grass-like perennial which
forms clusters of narrow, arching, glossy, dark green leaves (to 14
inch (0.64 cm) wide) typically growing 9 to 15 inches (23 to 38
centimetres) high. - Erect flower spikes with small, white to pale
lavender flowers arise, somewhat hidden, among the leaves in late
summer. - Blackish berries develop in fall and often persist
through winter.
