LEHMountainous region

Little vegetation

Considered to be a ‘Cold Desert’

COLD and SUNNY type of climate is experienced here.

TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS• Summer

during day : 17 - 24°Cduring night : 4 - 11°C• Winterduring day : 7 - 9°Cduring night : -14 – 0 °C

Relative humidity – consistently low : 10-50%Winds – occasionally intenseSky is fairly clear throughout the year Cloud cover is less than 50%

Resist heat loss

Decrease exposed surface area

Increase thermal resistance

Increase thermal capacity (Time lag)

Increase buffer spaces

Decrease air exchange rate

Increase surface absorptivity

Materials that heat up fast

Decreasing the ventilation

Promote heat gain

Reduce shading

Utilize heat from appliances

Trapping heat

Orientation and shape of building.

Use of trees as wind barriers

Roof insulation, wall insulation and

double glazing

Thicker walls

Air locks/ Lobbies

Weather stripping

Darker colors

Walls and glass surfaces

Sun spaces/ green houses/ Trombe

walls etc

TREES –wind barrier

Roof & wall insulation

Thick walls

Heavy walls (mud) and a well insulated roof (timber & mud) dampen the variations of indoor temperatures.

Use of glass and trombe wall – heat is stored in the building mass during the day and warm during the night

• City of some 25,000 inhabitants• Population triples in size during summer tourist season

OLD LEH• 200 stone, mud and timber houses sandwiched between thick rammed earth walls

• Most well-preserved traditional Tibetan city in the world

• Most significant ensemble of historic Tibetan architecture

• One makes the walls for the first floor, piling up stone and

sun-dried brick,

• and then places wooden beams and floor joists across

the walls to support the second floor walls above them,

• and repeatedly adds more wooden beams across them.

• Floors and roofs are made of mud treaded on wooden

boards.

• Roofs are basically flat, being unnecessary to waterproof,

since it scarcely ever rains.

• Columns are needed midway across larger spans

• First floor - used for stables

• Second floor – for family rooms, such as a sitting room, a

kitchen, bedrooms, and a Buddhist altar room

• A larger house often consists of three floors.

LIVING ROOM DINING SPACE

KITCHENBEDROOM

CITIES IN COLD CLIMATE

1.JAMMU &KASHMIR

2.HIMANCHAL PRADESH

3.UTTARANCHAL

4.SIKKIM

5.ARUNACHAL PRADESH

METHODOLOGY

1.SITE:

a) LANDFORM

b) OPEN SPACE AND BUILT FORMS

c) STREET WIDTH AND ORIENTATION

2.ORIANTATION AND PLANFROM

3.BUILDING ENVELOPS

a) ROOF

b) WALLS

c) FENESTRATION

d) COLOR AND TEXTURE

4.TECHNIQUES

a) GLAZING

b) TROMB WALL

c) WATER WALL

d) ROOF BASED AIR HEATING SYSTEM

e) SUNSPACES

SITE

a) LANDFORM:

In cold climates,heat gain is

desirable.Hence,building should be located on the south

slope of a hill or mountain for better access to sollar

radiation.